A5049804107- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Forest ecology and management
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Botanical Research and Applications
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
University of Zurich
2016-2025
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
2013
University of Oxford
2003-2012
Science Oxford
2008
Northern Arizona University
1996
University of Nottingham
1976-1979
Species radiations provide unique insights into evolutionary processes underlying species diversification and patterns of biodiversity. To compare plant over a similar time period to the recent cichlid fish radiations, which are an order magnitude faster than documented bird, arthropod, we focus on high-altitude flora Andes, is most species-rich any tropical mountains. Because uplift northern upland environments where much this rich endemic found have been available for colonization only...
The relative importance of local ecological and larger-scale historical processes in causing differences species richness across the globe remains keenly debated. To gain insight into these questions, we investigated assembly plant diversity Cerrado South America, world's most species-rich tropical savanna. Time-calibrated phylogenies suggest that lineages started to diversify less than 10 Mya, with diversifying at 4 Mya or less, coinciding rise dominance flammable C4 grasses expansion...
Abstract The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses long‐known non‐monophyly traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new uses as its framework most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near‐complete sampling genera (698 currently 765 genera) ca. 20% (3696) known species. region has been widely sequenced across legumes, in...
Abstract The Leguminosae, the third–largest angiosperm family, has a global distribution and high ecological economic impor tance. We examine how legume systematic research community might join forces to produce comprehensive phylogenetic estimate for ca. 751 genera 19,500 species of legumes then translate it into phylogeny–based classification. review current state knowledge phylogeny highlight where problems lie, example in taxon sampling resolution. approaches from bioinformatics...
Summary Alpine plant radiations are compared across the world's major mountain ranges and shown to be overwhelmingly young fast, largely confined Pliocene Pleistocene, some of them apparently in early explosive phase radiation. Accelerated diversification triggered by island‐like ecological opportunities following final phases uplift, many cases enabled key adaptation perennial habit, provides a general model for alpine radiations. growth form evolution facilitated perenniality compelling...
Replicate radiations provide powerful comparative systems to address questions about the interplay between opportunity and innovation in driving episodes of diversification factors limiting their subsequent progression. However, such have been rarely documented at intercontinental scales. Here, we evaluate hypothesis multiple genus Lupinus (Leguminosae), which exhibits some highest known rates net plants. Given that incomplete taxon sampling, background extinction, lineage-specific variation...
This paper and this issue attempt to address how, when why the phenomenal c. 100,000 species of seed plants in tropical America (the Neotropics) arose. It is increasingly clear that an approach focusing on individual major biomes rather than a single aggregate view useful because evidence for differing diversification histories among biomes. Phylogenetic suggests Neotropical-scale patterns are structured more ecologically geographically, with key role phylogenetic niche or biome...
Australian Systematic Botany is an international journal devoted to the taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of all plant groups including fossils publishing papers critical reviews that aim advance systematic botany
Three new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) M. chiquitaniensis, chochisensis and rastrera, two them endemic to Bolivia, the third also occurring in Brazil, are described an annotated checklist for genus Bolivia is presented. This brings tally recorded from 55 (plus five doubtful be confirmed), increase ca. 50% since monographic account published just over 25 years ago.
Robust evidence from phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes has recently shown, beyond doubt, that the genus
Early natural historians—Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle—established environment geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups organisms, laying foundations for biogeography over subsequent 200 years, yet relative importance these remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic global species data Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade c. 3500 species, we show that water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover lineages...
Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It an ecologically economically important group formed mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas shrubs, which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following recent re-circumscription 15 genera as presented in Advances Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, using basis phylogenomic...
Most proponents of purposeful introductions understand the risks, and most conservation biologists recognize potential benefits to be derived from carefully controlled introductionsThe silent invasion Hawaii by insects, disease organisms, snakes, weeds other pests is single greatest threat Hawaii's economy natural environment....Even one new pest-like brown tree snake-could forever change character our islands.(Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species 1996, p. 1) Reforestation in tropics so...
Abstract Aim The tropical Andes are a world biodiversity hotspot. With diverse biomes and dramatic, geologically recent mountain uplift, they offer system to study the relative contributions of geological biome history species richness. There preliminary indications that historical assembly in has been influenced by physiographical heterogeneity distinct have evolved isolation despite physical proximity. Here we test this ‘Andean biotic separation hypothesis’ focusing on low‐elevation,...
The Andes are the most species-rich global biodiversity hotspot. Most research and conservation attention in has focused on biomes such as rain forest, cloud páramo, where much plant species diversity is hypothesized result of rapid speciation associated with recent Andean orogeny. In contrast to these mesic biomes, we present evidence for a different, older diversification history seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) occupying rain-shadowed inter-Andean valleys. High DNA sequence...
Large genera provide remarkable opportunities to investigate patterns of morphological evolution and historical biogeography in plants. A molecular phylogeny the species-rich morphologically ecologically diverse genus Mimosa was generated evaluate its infrageneric classification, reconstruct a set characters, establish relationships Old World species rest genus.We used trnD-trnT plastid sequences for 259 (ca. 50% total) genus. Six characters (petiolar nectary, inflorescence type, number...
Penalized likelihood estimated ages of both densely sampled intracontinental and sparsely transcontinental crown clades in the legume family show a mostly Quaternary to Neogene age distribution. The mode range from 4-6 Myr ago, whereas those 8-16 ago. Both these young estimates are detected despite methodological approaches that bias results toward older ages. Hypotheses resort vicariance or continental history explain disjunct distributions dismissed because they require Palaeogene tectonic...
Abstract The Leguminosae has emerged as a model for studying angiosperm plastome evolution because of its striking diversity structural rearrangements and sequence variation. However, most what is known about legume plastomes comes from few genera representing subset lineages in subfamily Papilionoideae. We investigate Mimosoideae based on two newly sequenced ( Inga Leucaena ) recently published Acacia Prosopis discuss the results context other rosid plastid genomes. Mimosoid have typical...
A stereological analysis of light and electron micrographs wheat endosperm during grain formation development provides information on a range parameters cell structure. The volume increases approximately ten-fold; mitochondrial number per but the individual decreases, overall fraction occupied by mitochondria remaining fairly constant. Amyloplast division stops before division, resulting in distribution previously-formed plastids; there are differences starch granule growth rate different...
The Caesalpinia group is a large pantropical clade of ca. 205 species in subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) which generic delimitation has been state considerable flux. Here we present new phylogenetic analyses based on five plastid and one nuclear ribosomal marker, with dense taxon sampling including 172 (84%) the representatives all previously described genera group. These show that current classification into 21 needs to be revised. Several (
Summary Phylogenomics is increasingly used to infer deep‐branching relationships while revealing the complexity of evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization/introgression and polyploidization. We investigate among subfamilies Leguminosae (or Fabaceae), third largest angiosperm family. Despite their ecological economic importance, a robust phylogenetic framework for legumes based on genome‐scale sequence data lacking. generated alignments 72 chloroplast genes...
Evolutionary radiations are prominent and pervasive across many plant lineages in diverse geographical ecological settings; neotropical rainforests there is growing evidence suggesting that a significant fraction of species richness the result recent radiations. Understanding evolutionary trajectories mechanisms underlying these demands much greater phylogenetic resolution than currently available for groups. The tree genus Inga (Leguminosae) good example, with ~300 extant crown age 2-10 MY,...
Summary Mountain ranges are amongst the most species‐rich habitats, with many large and rapid evolutionary radiations. The tempo mode of diversification in these systems key unanswered questions biology. Here we study Andean Lupinus radiation to understand processes driving very montane systems. We use genomic transcriptomic data multiple species populations, apply phylogenomic demographic analyses test whether proceeded without interspecific gene flow – as expected if orogeny geographic...
Abstract The consequences of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary (KPB) mass extinction for evolution plant diversity remain poorly understood, even though evolutionary turnover lineages at KPB is central to understanding assembly Cenozoic biota. apparent concentration whole genome duplication (WGD) events around may have played a role in survival and subsequent diversification lineages. To gain new insights into origins biodiversity, we examine origin early globally diverse legume...