Significance Honey bees are exposed to a wealth of synergistically interacting stress factors, which may induce colony losses often associated with high infection levels pathogens. Neonicotinoid insecticides have been reported enhance the impact pathogens, but underlying immune alteration is still obscure. In this study we describe molecular mechanism through clothianidin adversely affects insect response and promotes replication viral pathogen in honey bearing covert infections. Our results...

The health of the honeybee and, indirectly, global crop production are threatened by several biotic and abiotic factors, which play a poorly defined role in induction widespread colony losses. Recent descriptive studies suggest that losses often related to interaction between pathogens other stress including parasites. Through an integrated analysis population molecular changes associated with collapse colonies infested parasitic mite Varroa destructor, we show this parasite can de-stabilise...

Significance The parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the deformed wing virus (DWV) are linked in a mutualistic symbiosis. acts as vector of viral pathogen, whereas DWV-induced immunosuppression honey bees favors feeding reproduction. This functional interaction underpins rapidly escalating immunosuppression, which can be primed and/or aggravated by wealth stress factors that co-trigger colony losses. Our experimental results explain pivotal role proposed for –DWV association induction bee...

The Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a significant marker of honeybee colony collapse disorder (CCD). In the present work, we provide first evidence that Varroa destructor IAPV replication-competent and capable vectoring in honeybees. honeybees became infected with after exposure to mites carried virus. copy number bees was positively correlated density time period mites. Further, showed mite–virus association could possibly reduce host immunity therefore promote elevated levels...

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are bioindicators of environmental pollution levels. During their wide-ranging foraging activity, these hymenopterans exposed to pollutants, thus becoming a useful tool trace the contaminants as heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides and volatile organic compounds. In present work we demonstrate that can also be used active samplers airborne particulate matter. Worker were collected from hives located in polluted postmining area South West Sardinia (Italy) is...

The dynamics of viruses are critical to our understanding disease pathogenesis. Using honey bee Deformed wing virus (DWV) as a model, we conducted field and laboratory studies investigate the roles abiotic biotic stress factors well host health conditions in replication bees. results showed that temperature decline could lead not only significant decrease rate for pupae emerge adult bees, but also an increased severity infection emerged partly explaining high levels winter losses managed...

The association between the deformed wing virus and parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been identified as a major cause of worldwide honeybee colony losses. acts vector viral pathogen can trigger its replication in infected bees. However, mechanistic details underlying this tripartite interaction are still poorly defined, and, particularly, causes proliferation mite-infested Here, we develop test novel hypothesis that feeding destabilizes immune control through removal both effectors,...

Abstract The neonicotinoid Clothianidin has a negative impact on NF-κB signaling and immune responses controlled by this transcription factor, which can boost the proliferation of honey bee parasites pathogens. This effect been well documented for replication deformed wing virus (DWV) induced in bees bearing an asymptomatic infection. Here, we conduct infestation experiments treated to show that immune-suppression exerted is associated with enhanced fertility parasitic mite Varroa destructor...

Propolis is a complex resinous substance produced by Apis mellifera L. through process of mixing tree resins with saliva and beeswax. This plays crucial role in the hive’s defence against range pathogenic agents, maintaining consistent internal temperature aseptic environment for bee colony. The objective present study was to assess chemical composition antibacterial characteristics five hydroalcoholic propolis extracts sourced from diverse geographic regions within Romania. shows that...

Flower pollen is collected by honeybee foragers, adhered on their rear legs and transported into the hives in form of pellets. Once hives, bee moisturised with nectar mouth secretions due to enzymatically modifications it becomes so-called bee-bread, protein reservoir young bees. Bee can be artificially removed from using specific systems, traps. commercialized for human consumption as fresh product after freezing or drying. Although nowadays largely consumed developed countries, food...

Clothianidin is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, which potent agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in insects. This neurotoxic compound has negative impact on insect immunity, as it down-regulates activation transcription factor NF-κB. Given evolutionary conserved role NF-κB modulation immune response animal kingdom, here we want to assess any effect vertebrate defense barriers. In presence this pro-inflammatory challenge with LPS human monocytic cell line THP-1 results...

Abstract The invasive Red Palm Weevil is the major pest of palms. Several control methods have been applied, however concern raised regarding treatments that can cause significant environmental pollution. In this context use microwaves particularly attractive. Microwave heating applications are increasingly proposed in management a wide range agricultural and wood pests, exploiting thermal death induced insects tolerance lower than host matrices. This paper describes research aiming to...

The nosological status of major depression with mood‐congruent psychotic features was explored by a cross‐sectional demographic, clinical and biological assessment 7‐year prospective follow‐up 2 samples patients fulfilling, respectively, DSM‐III criteria for this condition without features. patient groups did not differ respect to demographic historical features, response DST outcome. global severity the index episode greater in psychotics. All nonpsychotics 69% psychotics were treated...

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) is currently one of the major threats to palms in Mediterranean area. No single technique developed up now seems able completely eradicate this pest. This paper introduces microwave treatment as an effective tool help control insect; effect radiation on tissues and curculionid described discussed. The main advantage microwaves their eco‐compatibility, preliminary results application are very promising.

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv., known as the red palm weevil (RPW), has quickly spread in Southern Europe, infesting and destroying an increasing number of palms, particularly Phoenix canariensis ones. Of various techniques suggested for treating high power microwave applications are considered attractive, eco-compatibile solution. However, order to correctly design exposure system, a knowledge electromagnetic properties materials involved is required. In this paper, we present broad-band...

Abstract Background Royal jelly (RJ) represents the most valuable product of beekeeping activities. The illegal introduction RJ uncertain quality/origin in European agrofood markets is not controlled, since conventional analytical methods cannot unambiguously distinguish foreign from autochthonous products. Here, we applied liquid-state NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometry to characterize metabolic profile representative Italian high-quality products and evaluate discrimination capacity...

Abstract Mead, one of the oldest existing drinks, is a fermented product based on honey, water, and possible addition spices selected yeasts. In this work, various parts (inflorescences, leaves, steams) Cannabis sativa L. at different concentrations Saccharomyces cerevisiae biotype M3/5 were added during mead fermentation. The physicochemical parameters (pH, alcoholic content, sugar titratable acidity, organic acids) assessed beginning end Moreover, polyphenols, cannabidiol volatile...

Abstract The mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) has a dramatic impact on beekeeping is one of the main causes honey bee colony losses. This ectoparasite feeds bees' liquid tissues, through wound created host integument, determining weight loss reduction lifespan, as well transmission viral pathogens. However, despite its importance, feeding strategy regulation role by salivary secretions have been poorly explored. Here, we contribute to fill this gap...

The decline of honeybee colonies and their eventual collapse is a widespread phenomenon in the Northern hemisphere globe, which severely limits beekeeping industry. This dramatic event associated with an enhanced impact parasites pathogens on honeybees, indicative reduced immunocompetence. parasitic mite Varroa destructor vectored viral appear to play key-role induction this complex syndrome. In particular, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) now considered, along Varroa, one major causes bee colony...

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW) is one of the major pests palms, frequently leading to plants death. Action plans and development bio/physical strategies contrast RPW diffusions are strongly recommended due serious concerns related environmental pollution insects’ resistance chemicals. In present study, we investigated morphological alterations ovaries testes in adult exposed 2.45 GHz for 5, 15, 30 s. During these treatments, relative increase temperature days survival after irradiation were...

Abstract The association between the Deformed Wing Virus and parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been identified as a major cause of worldwide honey bee colony losses. acts vector viral pathogen can trigger its replication in infected bees. However, mechanistic details underlying this tripartite interaction are still poorly defined, and, particular, causes proliferation infested Here we develop test novel hypothesis - grounded ecological predator-prey theory that feeding destabilizes immune...

The red palm weevil is one of the major pests palms.Until now no effective and economic method has been adopted for total eradication this pest some concerns are raised chemical methods, mainly in ornamental plants located urban areas.Among proposed techniques, a very promising eco-compatible solution microwave heating, which could be integrated IPM approach.Advantages disinfestation include speed, efficiency absence toxic, hazardous or polluting residues.Moreover, insects not likely to...