There is an increased industry demand for efficient and safe methods to select the best-quality coffee beans a demanding market. Color, morphology, shape size are important factors that help identify best quality beans; however, conventional techniques based on visual and/or mechanical inspection not sufficient meet requirements. Therefore, this paper presents image processing machine learning technique integrated with Arduino Mega board, evaluate those four when selecting green beans. For...

LPWAN technologies are playing a major role in the IoT scenario due to their extensive radio range, use of free frequency bands, and low energy consumption. Among these technologies, longrange WAN (LoRaWAN) transmits through several kilometers with data rates up 5.5 kb/s, making it useful for applications such as smart city monitoring, precision agriculture, environmental tracking. However, LoRaWAN supports only one-hop communication between end nodes gateways. Because links can be long,...

Long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology can be a good candidate for industrial applications in the Internet of Things and adaptive data rate (ADR) algorithms help to improve LoRaWAN performance. These compute link budget define transmission power. However, performance these must evaluated environments that pose challenging conditions wireless communications due obstacles, interference, movement. Therefore, this article compares with six different ADR using realistic propagation...

Microgrids have been proposed as a solution to the growing deterioration of traditional electrical power systems and energy transition towards renewable sources. One most important aspects efficient operation microgrid is its topology, that is, how components are connected. Some papers studied topologies; however, these studies do not perform an exhaustive analysis types topologies, their applications, characteristics, or technical advantages disadvantages. The contribution this paper...

Low-power wide-area network technologies allow sending sensor information through long distances with low data rates. Long Range (LoRa) is one of these technologies, which less susceptible to noise and interference. This technology operates in unlicensed bands, increasing the chances having interfering devices communication link. The issue LoRa jamming external interference effect such radio range has not been addressed literature. Therefore, tests measured packet loss, received signal...

ABSTRACT There is a growing need to apply advanced control techniques in industrial processes, and the state space provides modern tools for solving these requirements. Engineers scientists must be prepared offer solutions industry according advances, requiring proper knowledge acquired from their careers Universities. However, courses state‐space theory some educational institutions lack practical experience implement controllers designed by students only use simulations enhance...

This paper presents a novel overcurrent protection scheme based on digital twins for distribution network with distributed energy resources. A coordination standard is employed to perform settings and coordinate intelligent electronic devices, evaluating the effects of In addition, some integration criteria resources are proposed identify impact protections. The power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) designed develop (DT) that connect real relays simulated network. Moreover, substation automation...

This paper presents the dynamic analysis of a permanent magnet DC motor using buck converter controlled by zero average dynamics (ZADs) and fixed-point inducting control (FPIC). Initially, steady-state behavior closed-loop system was observed then transient analyzed while maintaining fixed ZAD parameter changing FPIC parameter. Other behaviors were studied when value changed maintained at initial value. Besides, bifurcation diagrams built with one two delay periods parameters some...

One of the biggest problems with distribution systems correspond to load unbalance created by power demand customers. This becomes a difficult task solve conventional methods. Therefore, this paper uses integer linear programming and Branch Bound algorithm balance loads in three phases system, employing stored data demand. Results show that method helps decrease factor more than 10%, selecting phase where should be connected. The solution may used as planning tool applied installations for...

Several technological applications require well-designed control systems to induce a desired speed in direct current (DC) motors. Some controllers present saturation the duty cycle, which generates variable switching frequency and subharmonics. The zero average dynamics fixed point induction (ZAD-FPIC) techniques have been shown reduce these problems; however, little research has done for DC motors, considering frequency, quantization effects, delays. Therefore, this paper presents of motor...

The increasing global demand for power necessitates a focus on renewable energy sources to reduce environmental impact and diversify generation. Estimating in real-time electrical systems is crucial this context. However, the literature contains various estimation techniques without clear guidance most suitable option based performance field-specific use. To address gap, study compares these identifies effective method through training process that assesses accuracy of predictions against...

Microgrids are designed to connect different types of AC and DC loads, which require robust power controllers achieve an efficient transfer. However, the effects both disturbances in same type controller make achieving stability a design challenge, especially coupled systems where affect upstream downstream microgrid. This paper presents analysis second-order sliding-mode control (SOSMC) applied microgrid with direct-current (DC) alternating-current (AC) converters. The aim is simulate buck...

<p>Distributed generation (DG) is an important issue for distribution networks due to the improvement in power losses, but location and size of generators could be a difficult task exact techniques. The metaheuristic techniques have become better option determine good solutions this paper application bat-inspired algorithm (BA) problem distributed radial systems presented. A comparison between particle swarm optimization (PSO) BA was made 33-node 69-node test feeders, using as...

This paper presents a methodology based on two interrelated rapid prototyping processes in order to find the best correspondence between theoretical, simulated, and experimental results of power converter controlled by digital PWM. The method supplements control (RCP) with effective math tools quickly select validate models system. We show stability analysis classical modified buck zero average dynamics (ZAD) fixed-point induction (FPIC). consists obtaining mathematical representation...

Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) continues to be a good option reduce technical losses in distribution power grid.However, this non-linear combinatorial problem is not easy assess by exact methods when solving for large networks, which requires computational times.For type of problem, some researchers prefer use metaheuristic techniques due convergence speed, near-optimal solutions, and simple programming.Some literature reviews specialize topics concerning the optimization try...

This paper presents two multi-objective models that integrate packaging size and production scheduling problems for a flexible flow shop system. The main objective is to find the of finished product per item schedule would minimise cost lost units, unpacking cost, inventory earliness/tardiness penalties kilograms carbon dioxide emitted by resources operation. Since complexity proposed models, Pareto-based hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) also developed. A case study was developed analyse...

<span>This paper presents a</span><span lang="EN-US"> voltage </span><span>sensitivity analysis </span><span lang="EN-US">with respect to the real power injected </span><span>with</span><span renewable energies</span><span> determine optimal integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems (DS).</span><span> <span lang="EN-US">The best nodes where injections improve voltages...

This paper presents the experimental implementation of a buck converter with quasi-sliding mode control combined loss estimator function. An online is developed to estimate, in real time, parasitic resistances and variations resistance load. The estimated load are embedded, into model equations controller using Zero Average Dynamics Fixed Point Induction Control techniques (ZAD-FPIC) improve robustness resistive parameter variations. Details setup presented show electrical electronic...

This paper presents the use of buck converter with Zero Average Dynamics to control speed a permanent magnet direct current motor. For this objective, we consider fourth-order nonlinear model that describes system’s dynamics and tests different scenarios determine how motor responds. The results show robust tracking performance under reference signal controller parameter changes disturbances in load torque. A non-saturated duty cycle fixed commutation frequency is obtained power supply DC...