The proliferation of low‐cost colour imaging devices in the consumer market has led to a greater need transfer images from one medium or device another without loss fidelity. A common solution is characterise each terms its CIE tristimulus values. In this paper two general techniques, artificial neural networks and polynomial transforms, are compared for their usefulness characterising cameras. techniques shown give approximately similar performance once parameters models optimised. Since...

We investigate methods for the recovery of reflectance spectra from responses trichromatic camera systems and application these to problem characterization. The colorimetric data is an ill-posed problem, a unique solution requires additional constraints. introduce novel method that finds smoothest spectrum consistent with both linear model reflectance. Four multispectral were tested using real system. new gave lowest maximum error in terms characterization test independent training data....

One of the significant differences between CRAY X-MP and its predecessor, CRAY-1S, is a considerably increased memory bandwidth for vector operations. Up to three streams in each two processors may be active simultaneously. These contend banks as well data paths. All conflicts are resolved dynamically by system. This paper describes simulation study interleaved system with attention focused on steady state performance sequences Because it more amenable analysis, we first interaction issued...

Abstract It is widely believed that children will choose furniture has the same color as their preferred color. Furthermore, for different categories of furniture, they consistent. A study 508 adolescent Chinese between ages 12 and 16 been carried out to explore whether preference influences choice when are provided with various options (16 chromatic five achromatic colors). This work tested six items in two functional spaces (study bedroom space). Findings indicate children's preferences...

With the pivotal role that dark mode plays in user interface design, its widespread adoption across various applications and operating systems is evident. This study aims to investigate potential effects of different background modes (light dark) using cognitive ability tests collect demographic variables for analysis. A total 173 participants from diverse geographic regions worldwide completed an online survey comprising tests. The experimental results demonstrate scores were higher light...

The color characterization of digital cameras often requires the use standard charts containing a fixed number samples. exact choice such charts–how many (and which) known samples to include–is affect performance. This study describes methods select optimum from set 1269 Munsell surface colors. effect sample selection on performance is evaluated and compared with using GretagMacbeth ColorChecker DC work confirms that appear have been well selected. However, we show it possible...

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the variability of skin colour measurements for two kinds extensively used instruments, telespectroradiometers (TSR) and spectrophotometers. A Konica Minolta CM700d spectrophotometer a PhotoResearch PR650 telespectroradiometer were measure forehead cheekbone 11 subjects. The was evaluated using different measurement parameters including aperture size pressure on facial locations spectrophotometer, distance telespectroradiometer. mean difference from...

Abstract The contrast‐sensitivity function (CSF) is a measure of fundamental spatiochromatic properties the human visual system. It typically measured at detection threshold for psychophysically defined cardinal channels: luminance, red–green, and yellow–blue. Recent measurements luminance contrast sensitivity show that channel less chromatic stimuli than achromatic stimuli. This effect has important implications both machine vision. on been modeled in this work based upon an existing model...

Short-wavelength light is known to have an effect on human alertness in the night-time. However, there are very few studies that focus of intensity alertness. This study evaluates acute alerting ability short-wavelength three different intensities (40 lux, 80 lux and 160 lux). Eight subjects participated a 60-minute exposure protocol for four evenings, during which electroencephalogram (EEG) as well subjective sleepiness data were collected. EEG power beta range was significantly higher...

Abstract The claims made for 43 commercial filter ‘aids’, that they improve the colour discrimination of red‐green defectives, are assessed protanomaly and deuteranomaly by changes in spacing traffic signals (European Standard EN 1836:2005) Farnsworth D15 test. Spectral transmittances ‘aids’ measured tristimulus values with without computed using cone fundamentals spectral power distributions either chips illuminated CIE Illuminant C or signals. Chromaticities ( l , s ) presented excitation...

Existing bra sizing systems are based only on bust and underbust girths, which do not guarantee an accurate fit or comfort for consumers. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the impact age body mass index (BMI) systems, distributions band cup sizes anthropometric measurement data. The first four principal components were extracted by component analysis, factor loadings BMI found to be significant determinants size along with 12 other variables. Furthermore, chi-square...

Human skin colour measurements from four ethnic groups including 188 subjects were accumulated. Five to ten locations of each subject measured by using two different instruments, a tele-spectroradiometer and spectrophotometer. Three repeated accumulated for location. Repeatability the at ethnicities was examined mean CIELAB difference (MCDM). The distribution between also studied plotting data in a*b* L*C*ab planes. Systematic trends found instruments.

Abstract This study investigates techniques for accounting the nonlinearity of input/output response a camera system. A simple power‐law form was assumed and estimates value exponent each color channels were made using three different methods. The responses from an Agfa StudioCam linearized then device characterization attempted. Characterization errors up to 10% better spectral‐sensitivities‐based method estimating nature than other two We therefore suggest that should be preferred or any...

Abstract Although many design process studies and theories have been developed presented, in reality designers rarely followed standard rules. A is often more a form of personal self‐expression. The type approach that use their work depends on preference, experience, education background. Therefore, this focused understanding the colour selection method by collecting data from with aim to summarize general method. This employs semi‐structured interview one‐to‐one format investigate collect...

The performance of the black ink in ink-jet printing is great importance to both manufacturers and suppliers. Many formulations contain several dyes or pigments have a noticeable hue. industry requires suitable method for assessing relative perceptual blackness inks. In this study, set printed samples been visually ranked terms blackness. Various candidate indices evaluated best has shown be able make pair-wise comparisons with greater accuracy than average observer.