ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Economic Input–Output Models for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment Green Design Chris Hendrickson, Arpad Horvath, Satish Joshi, and Lester LaveCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 7, 184A–191APublication Date (Web):June 8, 2011Publication History Published online8 June 2011Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es983471ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/es983471iresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse...

Because of increasing concern about global climate change and carbon emissions as a causal factor, many companies organizations are pursuing "carbon footprint" projects to estimate their own contributions change. Protocol definitions from registries help analyze footprints. The scope these protocols varies but generally suggests estimating only direct purchased energy, with less focus on supply chain emissions. In contrast, approaches based comprehensive environmental life-cycle assessment...

We develop a simple approach for modeling schedule delay in deterministic setting based on user equilibrium concepts and queuing theory. Several cases of peak period commuting or travel to scheduled events (such as sporting events) are analyzed illustrations. The results demonstrate the importance departure time decisions. analysis framework can be used improve transportation planning evaluation process, we have identified several related research issues which could provide further insights...

This study estimates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from production of Marcellus shale natural and compares its with national average US produced in year 2008, prior to any significant development. We estimate that development completion a typical well results roughly 5500 t carbon dioxide equivalent or about 1.8 g CO2e/MJ produced, assuming conservative lifetime well. represents an 11% increase GHG relative domestic (excluding combustion) 3% when combustion is included. The...

Product take-back of consumer products is generally expensive, especially reverse logistics. In the program for power tools in Germany, costs exceed revenues recycling tools. Systematic analysis alternatives can make policies more attractive. For example, an alternative system would combine profitable remanufacturing and unprofitable materials recycling. The profit from could cover loss as well logistics, allowing manufacturer a profit. Remanufacturing requires continuous flow returned...

This study estimates the life cycle water consumption and wastewater generation impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well from its construction to end life. Direct at site was assessed by analysis data approximately 500 individual completion reports collected in 2010 Pennsylvania Department Conservation Natural Resources. Indirect for supply chain production each stage estimated using economic input-output assessment (EIO-LCA) method. Life direct indirect quality pollution were compared tool...

Local bus service design options are analyzed in this paper, including route spacing, headway, and fare, both with without vehicle size constraints. Optimal levels of these variables obtained analytically for three objective functions, profit maximization, maximization a combination net user benefit operator profit, subject to deficit constraint. The analysis uses an equilibrium framework transit ridership sensitive the level provided by system. major results consist closed-form solutions...

We characterize regionally specific life cycle CO2 emissions per mile traveled for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery (BEVs) across the United States under alternative assumptions regional electricity emission factors, boundaries, charging schemes. find that estimates based on marginal vs average grid factors differ by as much 50% (using National Electricity Reliability Commission (NERC) boundaries). Use of state boundaries versus NERC region results in 120% same location...

Materials flow analysis models have traditionally been used to track the production, use, and consumption of materials. Economic input−output modeling has for environmental systems analysis, with a primary benefit being capability estimate direct indirect economic impacts across entire supply chain production in an economy. We combine these two types create mixed-unit model that is able better transactions material flows throughout economy associated changes production. A 13 by requirements...

This study compares the cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), energy use, water and potential environmental toxicity of conventional (Conv), glass powder (GP), alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete mortar. The comparison is based on 1 m3 concrete/mortar with similar 28-day compressive strength, so same member dimensions may be manufactured from Conv, GP, or AAS materials used for applications. result shows that compared to a 35-MPa Conv concrete, GP has, average, 19% lower GHGs, 17%...

Effective water management is critical for social welfare and ecosystem health. Nevertheless, information necessary to meaningfully assess sustainable use incomplete. In particular, little available on supply chain or indirect the production of goods services in United States. We estimate a vector withdrawals all 428 sectors 2002 U.S. economic input−output table. The was applied using life cycle assessment (EIO−LCA) methods direct each sector's production, both terms total per dollar output....

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology has the potential to reduce operating cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and petroleum consumption in transportation sector. However, net effects of PHEVs depend critically on design, battery technology, charging frequency. To examine these implications, we develop an optimization model integrating physics simulation, degradation data, U.S. driving data. The identifies optimal designs allocation vehicles drivers for minimum life cycle GHG...

We compare life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) across US counties by accounting for regional differences due to marginal grid mix, ambient temperature, patterns of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), driving conditions (city versus highway). find that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than vehicles, depending on these factors the specific models being compared. The Nissan Leaf battery has a...

Advances in semiconductor-based power electronics and growing direct current loads buildings have led researchers to reconsider whether should be wired with DC circuits reduce conversions facilitate a transition efficient appliances. The feasibility, energy savings, economics of such systems been assessed proven data centers commercial buildings, but the outcomes are still uncertain for residential sector. In this work, we assess technical economic feasibility using 120 traditionally-wired...

The public, industry, and governments have become increasingly interested in green design sustainable development. Construction activities affect the environment significantly, so environmental issues should be considered seriously. Thousands of miles roads are paved every year with asphalt steel-reinforced concrete. What effects two materials? If has been used overwhelmingly over concrete, is it a better choice for development? We present results life cycle inventory analysis materials...

Summary Product takeback calls for sound strategies of product recovery management One such strategy‐is the reuse components a product. There are consumer products as power tools whose most expensive component, electric motor; offers potential reuse. Empirical evidence reveals that lifetime motor often exceeds life‐time using it. This article focuses on motors. For this purpose, novel circuit was developed measures, computes, and records parameters strongly correlated with degradation during...

California and the Northeast states have passed laws requiring 2% of 1998 cars be `0` emissions vehicles such as electric cars. Electric vehicle technology also can move to less crowd polluted locations. However, some other problems remain. The authors focus on environmental consequences producing reprocessing large quantities batteries power cars, including discussions both characteristics Vehicles life cycle lead releases. conclude that will not in public interest until they pose no...

Reducing the environmental effects of construction is a continuing professional and social concern to promote sustainable development. In this paper, we estimate major commodity service inputs, resource requirements, emissions wastes for four U.S. sectors as defined by Department Commerce: (1) highway, bridge, other horizontal [0.6% 1992 gross domestic product (GDP)]; (2) industrial facilities commercial office buildings (1.5% GDP); (3) residential one-unit (1.9% (4) (towers, water, sewer...