We develop a spatially dependent generalization to the Wells–Riley model, which determines infection risk due airborne transmission of viruses. assume that infectious aerosol concentration is governed by an advection–diffusion–reaction equation with aerosols advected airflow, diffused turbulence, emitted infected people, and removed ventilation, inactivation virus gravitational settling. consider one asymptomatic or presymptomatic person breathing talking, without mask, model...

Epidemiological models can aid policymakers in reducing disease spread by predicting outcomes based on dynamics and contact network characteristics. Accurate calibration of these requires representative samples networks. In this connection, we investigate the performance two sampling algorithms - Random Walk (RW) Metropolis-Hastings (MHRW) across three types Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi (ER), Small-world (SW), Scale-free (SF). Disease transmission is simulated using a stochastic...

With the goal of determining strategies to maximise drug delivery a specific site in body, we developed mathematical model for transport nanocarriers (nanoparticles) bloodstream under influence an external magnetic field. Under assumption long (compared radius) blood vessels Navier-Stokes equations are reduced, simpler consistently with lubrication theory. these assumptions, analytical results compared Newtonian, power-law, Carreau and Ellis fluids, clearly demonstrate importance shear...

Calcium signalling is one of the most important mechanisms information propagation in body. In embryogenesis interplay between calcium and mechanical forces critical to healthy development an embryo but poorly understood. Several types embryonic cells exhibit calcium-induced contractions many experiments indicate that signals are coupled via a two-way mechanochemical feedback mechanism. We present new analysis experimental data supports existence this coupling during apical constriction....

In this paper, a method to study how the design of indoor spaces and people's movement within them affect disease spread is proposed by integrating computer-aided modeling, multi-agent simulation, airborne viral transmission modeling. Topologicpy spatial analysis software used model environments, connect spaces, construct navigation graph. Pathways for agents, each with unique characteristics such as walking speed, infection status, activities, are computed using Agents follow schedule...

Motivated by the technology of magnetically targeted drug and gene delivery, in which a magnetic field is used to direct carrier particles from circulation target site, we develop continuum model for motion (magnetic carriers) subject an external body force field) flow concentrated suspension species neutrally buoyant (blood). An advection–diffusion equation describes evolution as they advect under action force, diffuse result random interactions with (shear-induced diffusion). The analysed...

When a towed sonar array is straight, it has the difficulty that cannot distinguish contact on left from one at same angle right. not straight and its shape known, we calculate probability left–right ambiguity resolved correctly, using Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing framework, assuming delay-sum beamformer, single-frequency contact, Gaussian noise. We also initially consider noise field to be uncorrelated show evaluation of correct resolution reduces evaluating one-dimensional integral....

We construct a spatially-compartmental, individual-based model of the spread SARS-CoV-2 in indoor spaces. The can be used to predict infection rates variety locations when various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are introduced. Tasked by Welsh Government, we apply secondary schools and Further Higher Education environments. Specifically, consider student populations mixing classroom halls residence. focus on assessing potential efficacy Lateral Flow Devices (LFDs) broad-based screens...

We develop a spatially dependent generalisation to the Wells-Riley model and its extensions applied COVID-19, that determines infection risk due airborne transmission of viruses. assume concentration infectious particles is governed by an advection-diffusion-reaction equation with advected airflow, diffused turbulence, emitted infected people removed room ventilation, inactivation virus gravitational settling. consider one asymptomatic or presymptomatic person who breathes talks, without...

In embryogenesis, epithelial cells, acting as individual entities or coordinated aggregates in a tissue, exhibit strong coupling between chemical signalling and mechanical responses to internally externally applied stresses. Intercellular communication combination with such coordination of morphogenetic movements can lead drastic modifications the calcium distribution cells. this paper we extend recent mechanochemical model [K. Kaouri, P.K. Maini, P.A. Skourides, N. Christodoulou, S.J....

Abstract A Viral Infection Risk Indoor Simulator (VIRIS) has been developed to quickly assess and compare mitigations for airborne disease spread. This agent-based simulator combines people movement in an indoor space, viral transmission modelling detailed architectural design, it is powered by topologicpy, open-source Python library. VIRIS generates very fast predictions of the concentration spatiotemporal infection risk individuals as they move through a given space. The validated with...

A Viral Infection Risk Indoor Simulator (VIRIS) has been developed to quickly assess and compare mitigations for airborne disease spread. This agent-based simulator combines people movement in an indoor space, viral transmission modelling detailed architectural design, it is powered by topologicpy, open-source Python library. VIRIS generates very fast predictions of the concentration spatiotemporal infection risk individuals as they move through a given space. The validated with data from...

Apical constriction during neural tube closure is driven by cell contractions which are preceded asynchronous and cell-autonomous Ca2+ flashes, as demonstrated in recent experiments. Disruption of these signals leads to defects, such anencephaly spina bifida. A good understanding the two-way mechanochemical coupling signalling mechanics remains elusive, while live-cell imaging difficult. Thus, mathematical modelling essential but existing models do not exhibit agreement with We present two...

We incorporate local ventilation effects into a spatially dependent generalisation of the Wells--Riley model airborne viral transmission. Aerosol production and removal through (global local), biological deactivation, gravitational settling as well transport around recirculating air-conditioning flow turbulent mixing are modelled using an advection--diffusion--reaction equation. The compared with equivalent global we find that streamlines airflow provide insight when is good approximation....