This article describes the configuration and technical specifications of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using red–green–blue (RGB) sensor for acquisition images needed production orthomosaics to be used in archaeological applications. Several flight missions were programmed as follows: altitudes at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 80 m above ground level; two forward side overlap settings (80%–50% 70%–40%); use, or lack thereof, control points. These chosen analyze their influence on spatial...

Heavy metal soil contamination is a global environmental issue that poses serious threats to human health, agricultural advancement, and ecosystem systems. Thirty-five samples from various parts of Jazan, Southwest Saudi Arabia, were collected. To create spatial pattern maps for nine potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, Zn), Ordinary Kriging (OK) was utilized. The variability the concentration estimated using multivariate analysis, including principal component...

The development of lightweight sensors compatible with mini unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has expanded the agronomical applications remote sensing. Of particular interest in this paper are thermal based on microbolometer technology. These mainly used to assess crop water stress images where an accuracy greater than 1 °C is necessary. However, these lack precise temperature control, resulting drift during image acquisition that requires correction. Currently, there several strategies manage...

Wildfires are becoming more frequent in different parts of the globe, and ability to predict when where they will occur is a complex process. Identifying wildfire events with high probability large an important task for supporting initial attack planning. Different methods, including those that physics-based, statistical, based on machine learning (ML) used analysis. Among whole, relatively novel. In addition, because number wildfires much greater than wildfires, dataset be ML model...

A number of physical factors can adversely affect cultural heritage. Therefore, monitoring parameters involved in the deterioration process, principally temperature and relative humidity, is useful for preventive conservation. In this study, a total 15 microclimate stations using open source hardware were developed stationed at Mosque-Cathedral Córdoba, which registered with UNESCO its outstanding universal value, to assess behavior interior humidity relation exterior weather conditions,...

The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected many countries and regions. In order to contain the spread of infection, have adopted lockdown measures. As a result, negatively influenced economies on global scale significant impact environment. this study, changes in concentration pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) within period were examined as well how these relate Spanish population. NO2 is one reactive nitrogen oxides gases resulting from both anthropogenic natural processes. One major...

Identifying and mapping irrigated areas is essential for a variety of applications such as agricultural planning water resource management. Irrigated plots are mainly identified using supervised classification multispectral images from satellite or manned aerial platforms. Recently, hyperspectral sensors on-board Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have proven to be useful analytical tools in agriculture due their high spectral resolution. However, few efforts been made identify which wavelengths...

Nowadays, techniques in digital image processing make it possible to detect damage, such as moisture or biological changes, on the surfaces of historical buildings. Digital classification can be used identify damages construction materials a non-destructive way. In this study, we evaluate application object-oriented technique using photographs taken with Fujifilm IS-Pro single lens reflex camera and integration classified images three-dimensional model obtained through terrestrial laser...

The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology and the miniaturization sensors have changed way remote sensing (RS) is used, popularizing this geoscientific discipline in other fields, such as precision agriculture. This makes it necessary to implement use these technologies teaching RS alongside classical platforms (satellite manned aircraft). manuscript describes how Higher Technical School Agricultural Engineering at University Córdoba (Spain) has introduced UAV into academic...

Golf courses can be considered as precision agriculture, being a playing surface, their appearance is of vital importance. Areas with good weather tend to have low rainfall. Therefore, the water management golf in these climates crucial issue due high demand turfgrass. are rapidly transitioning reuse water, e.g., municipalities USA providing price incentives or mandate use for irrigation purposes; Europe this mandatory. So, knowing turfgrass surfaces large area help plan treated sewage...

Proximal sensing has become increasingly popular due to developments in soil observation technologies and the demands of timely information gathering through contemporary methods. By utilizing morphological, physical, chemical characteristics representative pedogenetic profiles established various soils Sohag governorate, Egypt, current research addresses characterization surface reflectance spectra links them with corresponding classification. Three primary areas were identified: recently...

Rapid population growth accelerates changes in land use and cover (LULC), straining natural resource availability. Monitoring LULC is essential for managing resources assessing climate change impacts. This study focused on extracting data from 1993 to 2024 using the classification regression tree (CART) method Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform Qena Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, cellular automata (CA) Markov model was used anticipate future research area 2040 2050. Three multispectral...

Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants are increasingly gaining interest as a source of renewable energy. These face several technical problems and the inspection components such absorber tubes in parabolic trough concentrators (PTC), which widely deployed, is necessary to guarantee plant efficiency. This article presents system for real-time industrial CSP using low-cost, open-source conjunction with thermographic sensor an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system, available hardware...

rays are projected upon the retina, and brain tries to make sense of world by means interpreting visual input pattern. The sensitivity specificity with which solves this computationally complex problem cannot yet be replicated on a computer. most imposing these problems is that invariant pattern recognition. Recently it has been said prediction future sensory from salient features current keystone intelligence. 2 neocortex structure in assumed responsible for evolution Current patterns...

The location of trees and the individualization their canopies are important parameters to estimate diameter, height, biomass, among other variables. very high spatial resolution UAV imagery supports these processes. A dense 3D point cloud is generated from RGB images, which used obtain a digital elevation model (DEM). From this DEM, canopy height (CHM) derived for individual tree identification. Although results satisfactory, quality detection reduced if working area has density vegetation....

The objective of this paper was the development a methodology for classification digital aerial images, which, with aid object-based and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), can quantify agricultural areas, by using algorithms expert classification, aim improving final results thematic classifications.QuickBird satellite images data 2532 plots in Hinojosa del Duque, Spain, were used to validate different classifications, obtaining an overall accuracy 91.9% excellent Kappa statistic...

This study consisted in characterizing the materials used to build Santa Marina de Aguas Santas Church at Cordoba and locating original quarries. The techniques lithological chemical characterization included XRD, petrographic microscopy electron dispersive scanning microscopy. index of weathering (CIW) was quantify state stone decay. lithology different types alterations observed were mapped. A comparison material on building ancient quarries identified “Naranjo” as possible site where...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness spectral information digital aerial sensors in determining land-cover classification using new techniques. land covers that have been evaluated are following, (1) bare soil, (2) cereals, including maize (Zea mays L.), oats (Avena sativa rye (Secale cereale wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeun vulgare (3) high protein crops, such as peas (Pisum sativum beans (Vicia faba (4) alfalfa (Medicago (5) woodlands scrublands, holly...

El olivar es uno de los cultivos más importantes España. La sostenibilidad a largo plazo en las zonas marginales depende buenas prácticas agrícolas. Una ellas, el mantenimiento cubiertas vegetales para evitar la erosión, sobre todo grandes pendientes. Por ello, determinar porcentaje cobertura vegetal estas vital importancia. objetivo este trabajo cuantificación cubierta mediante técnicas teledetección. Para conseguir propósito, se emplearon 64 fotogramas aéreos digitales un captados por...