Research efforts around the world have been increasingly devoted to investigating changes in C3 and C4 species' abundance or distribution with global warming, as they provide important insight into carbon fluxes linked biogeochemical cycles. However, early life stage (e.g. germination) of species response particularly respect asymmetric received less attention. We investigated germination percentage rate under (+3/+6°C at day/night) symmetric warming (+5/+5°C day/night), simulated by...

Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) offer many potential advantages over piezoelectric transducers, and hold promise for cost-effective 2D arrays. Fully-wired arrays are cost-prohibitive due to large channel counts. We present what we call Top-Orthogonal-to-Bottom Electrode (TOBE) CMUT with the perform 3D imaging an N×N array using only N transmit channels receive channels. Candidate fabrication technologies discussed a modified sacrificial release process is used...

Electricity price risk assessment (EPRA) is essential for spot market analysis and operation. The statistical moments (i.e., the mean standard deviation) of need to be assessed support control. This paper proposes a data-driven approach EPRA based on Gaussian process (GP) framework. Compared with deep learning algorithms, GP has two merits: (1) scale training sample required small (2) time-consuming hyperparameter tuning avoided. However, direct application not tractable due complicated...

Moisture is one of the main factors affecting insulation performance oil-paper insulated capacitive equipment. Accurately assessing condition wet equipment focus preventive testing electrical In this paper, application frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy based on response principle in moisture evaluation capacitor bushing studied. The FDS and PDC time-frequency conversion extended Debye model are explained. Through setting up test platform analysis 500kV damp bushing, it confirmed that...

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology has been steadily developed and recently it played an important role in automated driving technology. In order to achieve safe reliable driving, high definition (HD) map-assisted high-precision positioning becomes more inevitable provide vehicles with the ability of recognizing perceiving. However, due bottleneck wireless bandwidth delay constraint, efficient data dissemination scheme for HD map is a challenging task. this paper, we...

Software testing is one of the most important means that guarantee software quality and reliability.Meanwhile, improving automation level also very to ensure development decrease cost.DO-178B provides different criteria structure coverage for levels software.This paper presents a test data automatic generation method based on genetic algorithm.This approach builds decision tree from truth table extract minimum set according modified condition/decision criteria, converts problem case another...

Based on the Balanced Scored Card theory, this research built a fishbone diagram model of power grid enterprises operational risk identification, and established an index system by ISM selection model. Proposing multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation which based AHP method transforming results into scores to do quantitative analysis for results. There is empirical provincial Grid Company with simple easy operation, can serve as basis decision-making risk-averse.

To effectively control the phenomenon of channeling and improve injection water utilization ratio, it is needed to distinguish inefficient circulation areas where have paths. Based on drive reservoir characteristics influential factors, evaluation index system formed including static dynamic parameters. Quantitative grading, weights factors grading standards effectiveness are proposed based fuzzy comprehensive theory. The method procedure were established combined oilfield practice....

The climate changes have great impact on the residents' electricity consumption, so study of climatic factors electric power load is significance. In this paper, effects data temperature, rainfall and wind smart city short-term studied to predict load. authors relation between daily in 31 days January one year. research, used Matlab neural network toolbox establish combinational forecasting model. trained original input continuously get internal rules inside next January. prediction method...

The distribution of power flow is a determinant grids self-organized criticality, and the uniformity flows can be quantified by entropy. theory entropy applied in this article to research influencing factors criticality. First mathematics mechanism criticalitys quantifying researched. And then influence start-up mode (source), running state (network), load (load) on analyzed respectively. Finally, Hexi grid located Gansu province employed verify critical influences source-network-loads operation

The European project called "INESS -Integrated Signalling System" aims at defining and developing specifications for a new generation of interoperable interlocking systems suitable to be integrated in ERTMS systems, with the objective making migration more cost-effective.The Technical University Braunschweig is leader part INESS that deals safety case process.The aim this essential subproject reduce time money development industry, i.e. operators as well suppliers, by avoiding unnecessary or...

In order to evaluate the performance of regenerative heater comprehensively and scientifically, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is proposed on basis mathematic theory as well relevant background knowledge problem. fist-level model, indicator system was established taking influence turbine load into consideration. The definition “excellence degree” given show relative approach degree between quantitative excellent indicator. Membership functions set were constructed based excellence...

The structure of the sensor endurance test station is designed. Satisfied with request performance, structural parameters spindle and bearing are calculated to minimize mass using optimization theory. By static analysis, fatigue analysis frequency FEM, simulation results indicate that optimized structures can meet demands for strength dynamics flywheel system, which leads safe stable work, improve design efficiency effectively, shorten cycles, reduce production costs. In order eccentric...

The demand of electricity is growing fast in recent years, the supply situation was tense especially summer and winter, power emergency brownouts as effective measures to ease tensions, has become an important part demand-side management. Grid Emergency-order arrangement affects scheduling reliability electricity, but also directly user's production life. This article establishes a grid order bit evaluation index system from angle environment, resources, economy user perspective, uses...

There is a potential for major damage to the pipelines crossing faults, therefore strain-based design method essential of buried pipelines. Finite element models based on soil springs which are able accurately predict pipelines’ responses such faulting recommended by some international guidelines. In this paper, comparative analysis was carried out among four widely used (beam model; shell model with fixed boundary; beam coupled; equivalent boundary) in two aspects: differences results and...

To promote the development of energy-saving dispatch under pressure energy saving and environmental protection, this paper proposes an method based on considering demand response, which establishes a bi-level optimization model optimal allocation plan thermal units interruptible loads, solve problem with improved NSGA-II sensitivity analysis between unit interrupt capacity output. The case study shows that can decrease pollutants at both generation side significantly guaranteeing economic...