Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical molecular levels drought stress in described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as morphological, mechanisms legumes, also reviewed. various management approaches mitigating effects assessed. Reduced leaf area,...

Worldwide crop productivity hampers severely due to the adverse effects of salinity. Global warming causes a rapid escalation salt-affected area, and new agricultural land is affected through saltwater intrusion. The ever-growing human population impulses utilize saline area for cultivation ensure food security. Salinity resistance crops could be promising substitute but with minor success because inappropriate tactics on soil management resulted in unsatisfactory yield. Salt-tolerant plant...

Application of conventional synthetic pesticides and agrochemicals has boosted the yield productivity crops by reducing pest infestation promoting crop growth yet increasing reliance on many these products poses serious environmental threats. This led to growing interest in obtaining more environmentally friendly alternatives agrochemicals. Allelochemicals produced plants, fungi, microbes offer options for developing novel natural product-based that are effective but with lower half-lives....

The need to meet food demand becomes more urgent as it is forecasted increase by 50% over the next century. Thus, agronomists promote sensible tools and approaches eradicate factors that hamper crop production, mainly weeds. constant use of chemical herbicides control weeds leads an increased risk herbicide-resistant weed populations, environmental pollution, unsafe agricultural products, negative effects on human health. These problems have caused interest among researchers replace...

Growth, grain production, and physiological traits were evaluated for Hordeum marinum, Triticum aestivum (cv. Chinese Spring), a H. marinum–T. amphiploid, when exposed to NaCl treatments in nutrient solution. marinum was more salt tolerant than T. the amphiploid intermediate, both vegetative growth relative production. best able 'exclude' Na+ Cl−, particularly at high external NaCl. At 300 mM NaCl, concentrations of (153 μmol g−1 dry mass) Cl− (75 youngest fully-expanded leaf blade were,...

Crop production is a constant battle with weeds, in which generally, are victorious. Therefore, rather than channeling our efforts into the development of “silver bullet” to control focus should be on sustainable weed management both natural- and agro-ecosystems. However, can challenge context global climate change. Over past few decades, change, mostly indicated by phenomena such as increased atmospheric temperature elevated CO2 levels, evident due human activities natural events. These...

Abiotic stresses varyingly affect the grain composition and quality of food legumes. This paper is aimed at discussing impact abiotic on As protein main constituent legumes for which it being consumed by humans as a cheap source, such heat, cold, drought, salinity heavy metals alter this content in different dimensions Moreover, other valuable constituents starch, soluble sugar, oil, fatty acid fiber are affected differently stresses. The diverse these ultimately declines yield play vital...

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted identify phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) with a view introducing them as tool natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts these plants were examined on germination growth Zea mays Oryza sativa Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Amaranthus gangeticus...

The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L−1) Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract on Cyperus iria was investigated under laboratory glasshouse conditions. No seed germination recorded in the when P. applied at L−1. In glasshouse, C. mostly injured by phytochemical constituents were analyzed LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. results indicated presence phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles,...

The present study was conducted to explore the allelopathy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit, an important medicinal plant Lamiaceae family. aqueous methanol extracts this at four different concentrations (3, 10, 30 and 100 mg dry weight [DW] equivalent extract/mL), were examined on seedling growth eight test species, cress (Lepidum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa alfalfa (Medicago rapeseed (Brassica napus timothy (Phleum pratense crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. scop.), barnyardgrass...

Phytotoxic activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth cress ( Lepidium sativum ), lettuce Lactuca sativa alfalfa Medicago Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli timothy Phleum pratense ) at four different concentrations. The concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL −1 reduced significantly total percent (GP), index (GI), energy (GE), speed emergence (SE),...

An attempt has been made in this article to accumulate and elucidate the literatures about allelopathic potentiality of medicinal plants, its role on development bio-herbicides for eco-friendly weed management strategies conserve bio-diversity ecological balance. This review paper prepared by comprehensive studies various published research articles, books proceedings available world literature. The farmers different countries use several techniques order minimize deleterious effect weeds....

Drought stress is one of the key factors impeding agricultural productivity worldwide. This experiment aimed at investigating polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought effects on seed germination, physiology, and biochemical mechanisms in Tartary buckwheat genotypes. Four PEG-induced conditions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) were applied to 14 selected genotypes germination stage evaluate their tolerance capacity. Significant differences obtained percentage, relative water content (RWC), all growth...

Dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), a climate-smart and resource-efficient (labor water) production technology is gaining popularity in many parts of Asian countries; however, weeds are the major constraints for its early establishment optimum productivity. Chemical weed management effective, rapid, also decreases costs dry (DSR) system; chemical use have negative effect on environment human health hazards. Therefore, integrated (IWM) best option sustainability under DSR system....

This study aimed to determine the impact of land use on organic carbon (OC) pools soils with contrasting native matter (OM) content. Surface (0–15 cm) four uses (cropland, orchard, grassland, and fallow) were collected from agroecological zones (AEZs) Bangladesh different OM content (AEZ-7: very low, −3: −9: medium, −5: high). Bulk physically fractionated into particulate mineral associated (POM MOM: >53 <53 µ m, respectively). Both bulk analyzed for OC nitrogen (N). Among uses,...

In laboratory bioassay, we studied the effects of methanolic extracts 30-Malaysian invasive weed species (9 families) on seeds survival rate and seedlings growth Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev). Five concentrations [6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 (g L-1)] were used control was distilled water. The (radicle hypocotyl length) 7-day-old reduced by increasing than control. Probit analysis required for 50% inhibition (EC50) showed that radicle more suppressed growth. Among tested species,...

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria in glasshouse condition. Here, at 20, 40, 60 g L−1 concentrations applied test species examine their physiological biochemical responses 6, 24, 48 72 h after spraying (HAS). phytotoxicity P. strong A. compared weedy rice different exposure times. There a reduction photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance,...