The monomer and excimer fluorescences of pyrene in dodecyl- hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide micelles have been studied over the temperature range 297 to 325 K. An analysis quantum yield changes with concentration yields (a) values critical micellar concentrations, (b) distribution amongst micelles, (c) rate formation thus diffusion molecules within a micelle. interior micelle appears very rigid at low temperatures, but as increases it approaches condition similar corresponding...

Abstract This data article introduces IOParlspeech, an original dataset of over 600,000 statements on international organizations (IOs) in parliamentary debates six countries between 1990 and 2018. We explain the creation demonstrate value IOParlspeech through two exploratory studies. First, we examine which actors convey more positive negative sentiment regarding IOs discourse. Contributing to research IO contestation, that parliamentarians from radical right left, as well opposition, use...

Measurements of quantum yields phosphorescence are reported for a series aromatic ketones and aldehydes in glass at 77 K. Values the radiative radiationless rate-constants calculated from associated lifetimes. For molecules with 3nπ* as lowest excited state correlation between spin-orbit electronic matrix elements processes is observed. The due to mixing an ππ* ground respectively, these discussed terms one-centre integrals on oxygen atom. Quantitative estimates rate-constant indicate that...

Abstract Domestic support for EU enlargement across existing member states is understood to have shifted significantly since 2004. But, how? Here, we explore how has been framed discursively in the national parliaments of eight states. Our dataset comprises over 18,000 statements from 1989 2019. We link our exploration alternative explanations change: IR‐based shifts applicant are perceived and, comparative politics, ‘politicisation’ membership domestic party systems. analyse changes...

It is shown how a modulating concentration of radicals, produced photolytically, can be used in an optoacoustic system to give kinetic information. The acoustic signal the result enthalpy change present reaction. Results are reported for rate constants reactions X + I2→ XI I, where CH3, C2H5, CD3 and CH2I. Rate also measured radical recombination with I presence 100 Torr krypton.

In order to facilitate comparison of spin-polarisations in a wide range π-radicals, new expression (UX) is proposed, replace the familiar QX-values. The UX defined as ratio QX isotropic hyperfine coupling, AX, calculated for one electron appropriate valence s-orbital atom X. This ratio, which has been used effectively describing hybridisation σ-radicals, from spin resonance results inorganic and organic π-radicals found follow well trends. These lead empirical generalisations indicate that...

The diffusion of pyrene, and thus other large planar aromatic molecules, is shown to take place in a shell close the double-layer cationic micelles. Perturbation pyrene π-electrons demonstrated by vibronic band intensity comparisons, i.e. Ham effect, used discuss dielectric leakage into hydrophobic part micelle. Aggregation numbers diffusional characteristics are described for lecithin vesicles. effect added electrolyte (NaBr) on aggregation micelles determined contrasted with concomitant...

Using several excitation wavelengths in the region from 247.5 to 312.5 nm, branching ratio 2P1/2/2P3/2 has been established for iodine atom produced photolysis of CH3I, CD3I and CF3I. An optoacoustic system is used details technique analysis are given. For each molecule three transitions observed σ*â†�n continuum position, intensity bandwidth The extent curve-crossing following A*1â†�A1 transition appears be approximately same all molecules.

Linear semiclassical vibrational energy-transfer theory is applied to the interaction of vibrationally excited CO2, N2O and CH4 with solid NaCl N2 glass. The model shows energy transfer be slow during specular reflection but fast when molecules are adsorbed migrating over surface. Values for condensation coefficients derived from experimental probabilities, yielding 0.22, 0.37, 0.88–1.0, N2O, on NaCl, respectively. substantiates existing evidence that rotates freely about at least one axis a...

Absorption and fluorescence studies are reported for pyrene-3-sodium sulphonate in the inverted micellar system, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide +benzene, both with without solubilised water. spectra, monomer spectra Ham effect, triplet–triplet position of excimer emission band used as spectroscopic probes to define configuration pyrene–sulphonate solubilisate. Measurements on kinetics formation triplet state lifetimes show these solutions change their average aggregation number changes...

An account is given of the analysis energy relaxation processes for thermally available vibrational levels as measured by photoacoustic and infrared emission experiments employing intensity-modulation incident radiation. The main aim to establish effect on observables distribution initially absorbed amongst modes, i.e., examine role translational heating. A technique using temperatures involved set up two-level problem, developed in some detail more complex multi-level situation. formulae...

Measurements of fluorescence depolarisation are reported for perylene in dodecyl- and hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide micelles. The activation energies rotation, respectively 36 35 kJ mol–1 spherical micelles, within experimental error identical to the pyrene excimer formation. implications this discussed terms two-dimensional diffusion, and, model, coefficients lateral diffusion calculated.The energy transfer contribution is measured bromide; from average separation r molecules micelles...

A sheet beam traveling-wave tube amplifier is currently being developed under the DARPA HiFIVE program. The device designed to achieve over 50 W output power at 220 GHz with a power-bandwidth product exceeding 1,000 W-GHz. This paper will report on design and fabrication status of electron gun, RF circuit, window emphasis simulation beam-wave interaction using MAGIC-3D code.