Sir, Salmonella typhi infection is more prevalent in South Asian countries because of poor hygiene practices, fecal contamination water bodies, scarcity, poverty, and overcrowding. According to recent reports, around 21 million people contract typhoid each year, causing 161,000 deaths.[1] The incidence multidrug-resistant (MDR) cases a recently reported study India was 7%.[2] Ceftriaxone-resistant strains have been sporadically India.[3] Decades empiric antibiotic use resulted the...

Pleural effusion in the pediatric population is an abnormal pathology characterized by accumulation of fluids between parietal and visceral pleura. The etiology this excessive fluid can be attributed to both infectious non-infectious factors. Notably, Streptococcus pneumoniae stands out as predominant agent responsible for condition. Non-infectious causative factors encompass hematolymphoid malignancies, congestive heart failure, hemothorax, hypoalbuminemia, iatrogenic causes. Among lymphoma...

Background and objective Helicobacter pylori infection is widely prevalent, but its route of transmission not clear. Person-to-person seems plausible, with hand hygiene being one the many factors that play a role. The this study was to effect children's their mother's feeding practices on prevalence H. in children. Methodology This cross-sectional involved 475 children mothers. A questionnaire administered mothers gather information about maternal practices, specifically handwashing before...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a multifaceted immune hypersensitivity reaction occurring in the lungs and bronchi, triggered by exposure colonization of

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a clot (thrombus) formed in the deep veins, usually legs. The incidence of DVT notably less prevalent children than adults. Here, we present rare case an eight-year-old female child with significant family history involving untimely death maternal aunt. presented pain and edema left lower limb causing immobilization without any obvious cause. clinical features suggested possibility DVT. On further evaluation radiological investigations, diagnosis was...

Complete congenital heart block (CHB), a rare and fatal bradyarrhythmia observed in children, carries significant mortality morbidity. When occurs isolation with structurally normal heart, it prompts suspicion of an autoimmune etiology, wherein maternal antibodies are transmitted transplacentally, impacting the fetal conducting system. The manifestation complete atrioventricular (CCAVB) can lead to complications such as dilated cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, fibroelastosis certain cases....

Persistent urogenital sinus (PUGS) presents as a solitary abnormality or is in association with syndromes, such congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), VACTERL (common abbreviation for vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities), Bardet-Beidl syndrome, McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS), Townes-Brocks to name few. Those affected usually have overlapping phenotypic features of two more syndromes. Because children may grow up be...

Approximately 400 million individuals globally experience glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) insufficiency, an enzymatic condition that may be hazardous. Because of mutations in the

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease resulting in a fall platelet count, causing ecchymoses and bleeding manifestations. The most prevalent acquired disorder children ITP. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rare but devastating complication of ITP which can cause neurological sequelae. We report the case four-year-old male child who presented with history seizures, headache, multiple ecchymoses, bruising. Blood counts bone marrow examination were suggestive Magnetic resonance...

Background Sepsis poses a critical medical challenge due to its profound systemic inflammatory response, which frequently results in organ dysfunction and high mortality rates, especially pediatric patients. The condition requires prompt recognition aggressive management mitigate severe outcomes. Methods This prospective study enrolled 248 patients admitted with sepsis the intensive care unit (PICU) at our tertiary center. Patients were randomly assigned either C-reactive protein (CRP) or...

Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism, is a significant global health concern, occurring more commonly in the pediatric age group. The widespread use of lead developing and developed countries due to industrialization has led contamination environment toxicity. With increasing number cases, it very important identify treat toxicity at earliest prevent detrimental side effects like neurocognitive impairment, developmental regression, coma, death. This case report depicts family whose parents...

Acute encephalitis refers to the clinical diagnosis of children who have a sudden onset symptoms and show evidence inflammatory lesions in brain. Timely is crucial for both lifesaving measures preservation brain functions.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder marked by eczema, thrombocytopenia, and immunodeficiency. The associated immune dysregulation increases the risk of autoimmune disorders lymphoid malignancies. WAS results from mutations in protein gene on short arm X chromosome. Here, we present case seven-month-old male, born to non-consanguineous parents with no significant birth or family history. child had height, weight, head circumference below third...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a multisystem involvement, hyperinflammatory state with rapid progression and poor outcome. However, HLH may rarely present signs symptoms isolated to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, we discuss this case, which presented CNS worsened over time an inflammatory storm, required immunomodulation. Whole exome sequencing performed on genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood showed novel finding that patient was likely compound heterozygous for...

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease; weakness typically ascending in nature with areflexia. Any deviation from this typical course becomes a diagnostic challenge variable prognosis. Here, we report cases of GBS presenting rapidly evolving descending predominant bulbar involvement and dysautonomia as atypical presentation, which can lead to delay diagnosis treatment. We also highlight how are slow responders immunomodulation therapy like intravenous...

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a leading cause of childhood blindness, morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries like India. The universal supplementation program mainly aimed at the age group from 6 months to 5 years. However, malnourished pregnant women with VAD their infants, who are entirely dependent on breast milk, constitute another highly susceptible blinding effects vitamin deficiency. We need develop strategies safe this vulnerable group. aim reporting...

PCD is an inherited disorder characterised by impaired ciliary function leading to chronic Sino pulmonary disease, persistent middle ear infections, left –right orientation defects and infertility. Estimated frequency of 1 in 12,000 20,000 live births. It diagnosed recurrent respiratory tract infections presence clinical phenotype ultrasuctural cilia. We are reporting a case kartagner syndrome 12 yrs. old child. She had history infection, otitis media. Kartagner was phenotypic presentation...

Introduction: Neher's 1992 One Minute Preceptor Model (OMP) offers a concise teaching approach based on five micro skills. Its acceptance led to research efficacy, with critical factor being the teacher's skill. In medical education, where small group prevails, understanding factors influencing effectiveness is crucial. Methods: Conducted at Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, mixed-methods interventional study involved 32 Postgraduate Students and 4 Professors. A randomized controlled trial...

Objective: The aim is to study respiratory diseases in children staying a stone quarry. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study. All 85 the quarry near Pune were followed for symptoms and nutritional status by monthly visits period of 18 months. At time enrolment, Hemogram, Chest X- ray Postero-anterior view (PA), Tuberculin Test (TT), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate{PEFR }(Of age: 5-12 yrs.) was done. Results: In those children, there 394 episodes infections (3.09 per child year). They had 53...