What is the role of top-down attentional modulation in consciously accessing working memory (WM) content? In influential WM models, information can exist different states, determined by allocation attention; placing original representation center focused attention gives rise to conscious access. Here we discuss various lines evidence indicating that such not sufficient for content be phenomenally experienced. We propose that, addition representation, another type required: suppression all...

Our ability to form visual images within our mind is known as mental imagery and enables us draw on internal representations in the absence of external stimuli. Aphantasia, a recent condition gain attention field neuroscience, describes experience individuals who lack voluntary imagery. The majority research this area has stemmed from subjective reports imagery, through questionnaires such Vividness Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). More recently, few studies have investigated impairments...

Aphantasia describes the experience of individuals who self-report a lack voluntary visual imagery. It is not yet known whether with aphantasia show deficits in cognitive and neuropsychological tasks thought to relate aspects imagery, including Spatial Span, One Touch Stocking Cambridge, Pattern Recognition Memory, Verbal Memory Mental Rotation. Twenty congenital (VVIQ < 25) were identified matched on measures age IQ twenty typical imagery > 35). The only group differences...

Using metacontrast masking we examined the temporal dynamics of surface completion in object vision. By varying stimulus onset asynchrony between target and flanking mask(s), obtained estimates time required for entire contrast to fill out within area delimited by contours/edges target. The estimated speed filling-out process was 36.0 deg/s. existing cortical magnification, computed terms distance is .385 m/s, a value that approximates filling-in horizontal propagation monkey V1. We discuss...

Flanker congruency effects were measured in a masked flanker task to assess the properties of spatial attention during conscious and nonconscious processing form, color, conjunctions these features. We found that (1) consciously nonconsciously processed colored shape distractors (i.e., flankers) produce effects; (2) decrease with increasing separation between probe flanking stimuli; (3) this occurs even when flankers are suppressed from awareness; (4) regardless whether or conjunction...

Long-term alcohol use leading to frontal lobe impairment has been a cause of concern for many decades. However, there are very few studies from India evaluation executive dysfunction among alcoholics. Hence, this study was undertaken evaluate the using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and perfusion deficits by Single-Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) alcohol-dependent patients.The aim is WCST SPECT patients.This cross-sectional involving 20 dependence syndrome patients in...

Managing complex AI systems requires insight into a model's decision-making processes. Understanding how these arrive at their conclusions is essential for ensuring reliability. In the field of explainable natural language processing, many approaches have been developed and evaluated. However, experimental analysis explainability text classification has largely constrained to short binary classification. this applied work, we study real-world task where goal assess technological suitability...

Priming and comparison tasks were used to assess the time course of iconic post-iconic processing in visual short-term memory (VSTM) for form and/or color features. A prime preceded a probe at varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs); observers reported probe's or feature priming task, whether not matched task. Three SOA ranges used: short (0-1920 ms); long (0-4160 ms), another (253-3950 ms). Using range, Jacob, Breitmeyer & Treviño (2013) obtained evidence three stages VSTM processing:...

In two experiments we used bilateral and unilateral backward masking to investigate the time course of a rectangular target's surface completion. Our results show in both conditions that completion proceeds as “filling out” from interior middle region target toward its edges. Both procedures yield similar estimates filling-out speed at about 25 deg/sec retinal coordinates, value 20% filling-in reported prior studies. Moreover, using relationship (based on human cortical magnification...

Aphantasia describes the newly-identified experience of individuals who self-report a lack voluntary visual imagery. Individuals with aphantasia are typically identified via subjective introspection on imagery experience, process that has been shown to be modulated by personality traits. It is also not clear whether show broader cognitive deficits or differences within other memory domains, which may explain their self-reported This research examines group and individual battery tests:...

Psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments have demonstrated that at the implicit (i.e. nonconscious) level first-order luminance-defined contours are processed on average 30-60 ms before surface information. Here, figure-ground segmentation processes establish later filled in with (e.g. wavelength brightness) The present work, using metacontrast masking paradigm, examines whether same sequence of processing also characterizes extraction second-order features. On one hand, first-...

Previous studies have shown that when working memory (WM) has reached its processing limit due to maintaining a substantial amount of information, cognitive resources are depleted for subsequent functions, such as selective attention (SA) (de Fockert et al., 2001; Downing, 2000). Using dual-task paradigm combining change-detection task and flanker task, we investigated how WM maintenance affects SA across within spatial feature-based information categories (processing feature the color an...

Prior studies of information transfer rates from brief iconic to durable post-iconic levels processing differ significantly. Estimates range roughly 10 ms/letter 50 consolidation rate, indicating that initial readout may not be identical subsequent processes in visual working memory. Moreover, Woodman and Vogel (2005) report concurrent WM maintenance does affect the efficiency into WM. To clarify, we examined how maintaining variable-load color working-memory interacted with levels. Using a...

To investigate the role of attention in time course visual working memory, a memory scanning experiment was conducted with three conditions: control, neutral cue and spatial cue. On each trial, array 4 items (simple geometric shapes) preceded probe item at varying inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). In cued conditions, either or informative presented 300 ms before onset. The pointed toward all four locations array, whereas direction one items, matching mismatching probe. observers reported...

We investigate the processing of two features, form or else color, stored in visual short-term memories (VSTMs) a feature priming task and comparison task. In both tasks brief prime is followed by probe at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) ranging from 63 to 1920 ms. The prime's probe's features could either be congruent incongruent. Os simply identified as quickly accurately possible pressing one designated response keys. determined whether not differed. Our results showed that VSTM...

What is known about contour and surface feature processing in the primate visual system applies mainly to first-order stimuli, such as objects defined by wavelength- or luminance-contrast differences. It unclear whether same processes their properties apply perception of second-order shapes created random-dot stereograms contours purely texture Presently, evidence indicates that first- features at least partially relies on separate neural mechanisms. However, similarities differences between...