A5070102559- Tribology and Wear Analysis
- Lubricants and Their Additives
- Building materials and conservation
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
- Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Conservation Techniques and Studies
- Manufacturing Process and Optimization
- Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- Textile materials and evaluations
- Business Process Modeling and Analysis
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Mechanical Behavior of Composites
- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Mechanics and Biomechanics Studies
Tracer Technologies (United States)
2018
Abstract In prehistoric human populations, technologies played a fundamental role in the acquisition of different resources and are represented main daily living activities, such as with bone, wooden, stone-tipped spears for hunting, chipped-stone tools butchering. Considering that paleoanthropologists archeologists focused on study processes involved evolution behavior, investigating how hominins acted past through evidence archeological artifacts is crucial. Thus, tool use major importance...
The evolution of human behaviour is marked by key decision-making processes reflected in technological variability the early archaeological record. As part system, differences raw material quality directly affect way that humans produce, design and use stone tools. selection, procurement various materials requires to evaluate multiple factors such as suitability produce tools, but also materials’ efficiency durability performing a given task. Therefore, characterizing physical properties...
This protocol reports a controlled experiment to test the mechanical performance, focusing on efficiency (ratio between effectiveness and durability) of four distinct raw materials (quartzite, dacite, flint, obsidian). Our study addresses null hypothesis: "Edge does not vary according different lithic materials." Efficiency is accessed by combination penetration depth (proxy measure effectiveness) edge wear durability). These two proxies were measured, results correlated physical properties...
Use-wear studies rely heavily on experiments and reference collections to infer the function of archeological artifacts. Sequential experiments, in particular, are necessary understand how use-wear develops. Consequently, it is crucial analyze same location tool's surface during course an experiment. Being able relocate area interest a sample also essential for reproducibility studies. However, visual relocation has limited applicability there currently no easy efficient alternative. Here we...
Many archeologists are skeptical about the capabilities of use-wear analysis to infer on function archeological tools, mainly because method is seen as subjective, not standardized and reproducible. Quantitative methods in particular have been developed applied address these issues. However, importance equipment, acquisition settings remains underestimated. One those settings, numerical aperture objective, has potential be one major factors leading reproducibility Here, experimental flint...
Dental and artifact microwear analyses have a lot in common regarding the questions they address, their developmental history issues. However, few paleontologists archeologists are aware of this, even those who are, do not take into account most methodological insights from other field. In this focus article, we briefly review main steps both methods, highlight how similar histories combining developments can improve research fields. cases, traditional been strongly criticized mainly because...
Experimentation has always played an important role in archeology, particular to create reference collections for use-wear studies. Different types of experiments can answer different questions; all should therefore be combined obtain a holistic view. In controlled experiments, some factors are tested, while the other kept constant improve signal-to-noise ratio. Yet, have been conducted with variable degrees control. Although they seem decoupled from archeological applications, mechanized...
One of the main interests in interpretation archaeological record and its variability within through time space is production use past human stone tool technologies. Tool design function are inevitably intertwined strongly related to use. Understanding provides information about early technological adaptations reflects behaviour sense conscious or unconscious decision-making. Nevertheless, reason for major changes (including novelties, innovations, loss) technology still poorly understood. A...
Information about the use of stone tools in past is encoded wear patterns left on their surface; however, post-depositional processes can modify and obstruct these traces. One aim field lithic functional analysis to develop methods detect quantify traces tools. The occlusal fingerprint (OFA) a well-established method dental studies virtually simulate (contact between teeth) stroke movements thus locate sequential contact opposing tooth crowns. Reaching across disciplines, we conducted...
Ground Stone Tools (GST) have been identified in several Levantine archaeological sites dating to the Middle Paleolithic. These tools, frequently made of limestone, are often interpreted based on their morphology and damage as having used for knapping flint, sometimes breaking animal bones or processing vegetal materials well. However, lack experimental referential collections limestone is a major obstacle identification diagnostic traces these types tools raw material. In this sense,...
In the archaeological record, Ground Stone Tools (hereafter GST) represent an important tool group that provides invaluable data for exploring technological development and changes in resource exploitation over time. Despite its importance, Lower Middle Paleolithic (MP) GST technology remains poorly known understudied. The MP record of Levant constitutes a compelling case study nature character technology. Especially site Nesher Ramla (Israel, end Marine Isotope Stage 6/beginning 5) has...