Whether invertebrates exhibit positive emotion–like states and what mechanisms underlie such remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that bumblebees dopamine-dependent across behavioral contexts. After training with one rewarding unrewarding cue, bees received pretest sucrose responded in a manner toward ambiguous cues. In second experiment, consumption of solution resulted shorter time to reinitiate foraging after simulated predator attack. These changes were abolished topical application...

Abstract The development of accurate measures animal emotions is important for improving and promoting welfare. Cognitive bias indicates the effect emotional states on cognitive processes, such as memory, attention, judgement. tests complement existing behavioural physiological assessing valence indirectly. judgement test has been used to assess in non-human animals; mainly laboratory settings. aim this review summarise findings use approach animals, focusing particular farm livestock....

The computational demands of sociality (maintaining group cohesion, reducing conflict) and ecological problems (extractive foraging, memorizing resource locations) are the main drivers proposed to explain evolution cognition. Different predictions follow, about whether animals would preferentially learn new tasks socially or not, but prevalent view today is that intelligent species should excel at social learning. However, were originally used primate cognition, studies with relatively...

When identifying other individuals, animals may match current cues with stored information about that individual from the same sensory modality. Animals also be able to combine previously acquired modalities, indicating they possess complex cognitive templates of individuals are independent We investigated whether goats ( Capra hircus ) cross-modal representations (auditory–visual) conspecifics. presented subjects recorded conspecific calls broadcast equidistant between two one which was...

Abstract Research on associative learning typically focuses behavioral and neural changes in response to learned stimuli. In Pavlovian conditioning, responsiveness conditioned stimuli are crucial for demonstrating learning. A less explored, but equally important, question is whether can induce not only the processing of also unconditioned this study, we addressed by combining reinforcer-sensitivity assays with conditioning honey bees. We focused aversive shock responsiveness, measuring sting...

Evidence from humans suggests that the expression of emotions can regulate social interactions and promote coordination within a group. Despite its evolutionary importance, communication in non-human animals is still not well understood. Here, we combine behavioural physiological measures, to determine if distinguish between vocalisations linked different emotional valences (positive negative). Using playback paradigm, goats were habituated listen conspecific call associated with positive or...

Episodic memory involves the conscious recollection of personally experienced events, which has often been argued to be a uniquely human ability.1Suddendorf T. Corballis M.C. Mental time travel and evolution mind.Genet. Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr. 1997; 123: 133-167PubMed Google Scholar, 2Tulving E. Markowitsch H.J. declarative memory: role hippocampus.Hippocampus. 1998; 8: 198-204https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:3<198::aid-hipo2>3.0.co;2-gCrossref PubMed Scopus (0) 3Tulving...

Animals can use their environments more efficiently by selecting particular sources of information (personal or social), according to specific situations. Group-living animals may benefit from gaining based on the behaviour other individuals. Indeed, social is assumed be faster and less costly than personal information, thus increasing foraging efficiency. However, when food change seasonally are randomly distributed, individual become reliable information. The aim this study was test...

Animal emotional states can be investigated by evaluating their impact on cognitive processes. In this study, we used a judgement bias paradigm to determine if short-term positive human-animal interaction (grooming) induced affective state in goats. We tested two groups of goats and trained them discriminate between rewarded non-rewarded location over nine training days. During training, the experimental group (n = 9) was gently groomed brushing heads backs for five min 11 days (nine days,...

Emotions can be defined as an individual's affective reaction to external and/or internal event that, in turn, generates a simultaneous cascade of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive changes. Those changes that perceived by conspecifics have the potential also affect other's emotional states, process labeled "emotional contagion." Especially case gregarious species, such livestock, contagion impact on whole group by, for instance, improving coordination strengthening social bonds. We...

Welfare protections for vertebrates are grounded in the belief that sentient and capable of feeling whereas invertebrates not. We agree with Mikhalevich & Powell exclusion small-brained from bioethics is not warranted by current state scientific evidence. The choice to promote protection certain should be based on Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle (ASPP). This principle prevent us conducting experimental research non-human animals advance knowledge. However, we believe it important...

An animal's ability to recognize another individual by matching their image voice suggests they form internal representations of other individuals. To what extent this ability, termed cross-modal recognition, extends birds than corvids is unknown. Here, we used an expectancy violation paradigm determine whether a monogamous territorial seabird ( Spheniscus demersus ) can cross-modally familiar conspecifics (partners or colony-mates). After pairs penguins spent time together in isolated area,...

Functional asymmetries, for example, the preferential involvement of 1 brain hemisphere to process stimuli, may increase efficiency and capacity carry out tasks simultaneously. We investigated which was primarily involved in processing acoustic stimuli goats using a head-orienting paradigm. Three playbacks goat vocalizations recorded different contexts: food anticipation (positive), isolation (negative), frustration as well playback involving dog barks (negative) were presented on left right...

Large-brained birds, such as corvids and parrots, tend to fail tests for self-recognition (mirror [MSR]), but the limited positive evidence MSR in these species has been questioned due methodological limitations. In present study, we aimed investigate ravens by performing three mirror tests: a exposure test, preference mark test. Across all tests, ravens' behavior was not consistent with MSR. Three out of six infrequently interacted nonmirror surfaces. Two birds explored occasionally...

The ability to vary the characteristics of one's voice is a critical feature human communication. Understanding whether and how animals change their calls will provide insights into evolution language. We asked what extent vocalizations penguins, phylogenetically distant species from those capable explicit vocal learning, are flexible responsive social environment. Using principal components (PCs) analysis, we reduced 14 parameters penguin's contact four PCs, each comprising highly...

Abstract Brain asymmetry—i.e. the specialisation of each cerebral hemisphere for sensorimotor processing mechanisms and specific cognitive functions—is widely distributed among vertebrates. Several factors, such as embryological manipulations, sex, age, breeds, can influence maintenance, strength, direction laterality within a certain vertebrate species. lateralisation is universal phenomenon characterising not only control or emotion-related functions but also regulation somatic processes,...