The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is a central model of science, applying to hydrodynamics, plasma physics, molecular biology and optics. NLSE admits only few elementary analytic solutions, but one in particular describing localized soliton on finite background intense current interest the context understanding physics extreme waves. However, although first solution this type was Kuznetzov-Ma (KM) derived 1977, there have fact been no quantitative experiments confirming its validity....

Spatiotemporal mode coupling in highly multimode physical systems permits new routes for exploring complex instabilities and forming coherent wave structures. We present here the first experimental demonstration of multiple geometric parametric instability sidebands, generated frequency domain through resonant space-time coupling, owing to natural periodic spatial self-imaging a quasi-continuous-wave beam standard graded-index fiber. The input was launched fiber by means an amplified...

Frequency combs are optical spectra composed of a set discrete equally spaced lines. Such can be generated by diverse sources such as mode-locked lasers, resonators, or electro-optic modulators. This last possibility has shown growing interest in the recent years for its advantageous features providing high repetition rates, intrinsic mutual coherence, power per comb Moreover, applications modulator-based have flourished fundamental physics, spectroscopy, instrumental calibrations. In this...

We provide a perspective overview of the emerging field nonlinear optics in multimode optical fibers. These fibers enable new methods for ultrafast light-activated control temporal, spatial, and spectral degrees freedom intense, pulsed beams light, range different technological applications.

Recently nonlinear fiber optics has revealed the existence of ``breathers,'' a new form solitons with periodic oscillations on finite background. But, how do such breathers, when they appear at same time, interact each other? A experiment demonstrates that two their initial shapes and propagations are properly controlled, can collide to make giant ``rogue'' wave.

We experimentally demonstrate that pumping a graded-index multimode fiber with sub-ns pulses from microchip Nd:YAG laser leads to spectrally flat supercontinuum generation uniform bell-shaped spatial beam profile extending the visible mid-infrared at 2500 nm. study development of along by cut-back method, which permits us analyze competition between Kerr-induced geometric parametric instability and stimulated Raman scattering. also performed resolved temporal analysis emission.

We present experimental and numerical results showing the generation breakup of Peregrine soliton in standard telecommunications fiber. The impact nonideal initial conditions is studied through direct cutback measurements longitudinal evolution emerging dynamics shown to be associated with splitting into two subpulses, each subpulse itself exhibiting characteristics. Experimental are good agreement simulations.

Abstract Photonics enables to develop simple lab experiments that mimic water rogue wave generation phenomena, as well relativistic gravitational effects such event horizons, lensing and Hawking radiation. The basis for analog gravity is light propagation through an effective moving medium obtained via the nonlinear response of material. So far, analogue kinematics was reproduced in scalar optical test models. Multimode spatiotemporal interactions exhibit a rich spectrum excitations, which...

Absorption spectroscopy of fundamental ro-vibrational transitions in the mid-infrared region provides a powerful tool for studying structure and dynamics molecules gas phase sensitive quantitative sensing. Laser frequency combs permit novel approaches to perform broadband molecular spectroscopy. Multiplex dual-comb without moving parts can achieve particularly high speed, sensitivity resolution. However, achieving Doppler-limited resolution still requires overcoming instrumental challenges....

The scanning of maturing mRNAs by ribosomes plays a key role in the mRNA quality control process. When first engage with newly synthesized mRNA, and if peptides are produced, is unclear, however. Here we show that ribosomal prespliced occurs nuclear compartment, this event produces peptide substrates for MHC class I pathway. Inserting antigenic sequences introns spliced out before exit compartment results an equal amount products as when encoded from main open reading frame (ORF). Taken...

We experimentally demonstrate that Kerr spatial self-cleaning of a pulsed beam can be obtained in an amplifying multimode optical fiber. An input peak power 500 W only was sufficient to produce quasi-single-mode emission from the double-clad ytterbium doped fiber (YMMF) with non-parabolic refractive index profile. compare behavior observed same loss and gain. Laser gain introduces new opportunities achieve light fibers at relatively low threshold.

Over the past decade, rogue wave debate has stimulated comparison of predictions and observations among different branches physics, particularly between hydrodynamics optics, in situations where analogous dynamical behaviors can be identified, thanks to use common universal models. Although scalar nonlinear Schroedinger equation (NLSE) constantly played a central role for investigations, moving beyond standard NLSE model is relevant needful describing more general classes physical systems...

Theoretical studies on wave turbulence predict that a purely classical system of random waves can exhibit process condensation, in analogy with the quantum Bose-Einstein condensation. We report experimental observation transition to condensation optical propagating multimode fiber, i.e., conservative Hamiltonian without thermal heat bath. In contrast conventional self-organization processes featured by non-equilibrium formation nonlinear coherent structures (solitons, vortices...), here...

Classical nonlinear waves exhibit a phenomenon of condensation that results from the natural irreversible process thermalization, in analogy with quantum Bose-Einstein condensation. Wave originates divergence thermodynamic equilibrium Rayleigh-Jeans distribution, which is responsible for macroscopic population fundamental mode system. However, achieving complete thermalization and incoherent through optical propagation known to require prohibitive large interaction lengths. Here, we derive...

Although the temperature of a thermodynamic system is usually believed to be positive quantity, under particular conditions, negative-temperature equilibrium states are also possible. Negative-temperature equilibriums have been observed with spin systems, cold atoms in optical lattices, and two-dimensional quantum superfluids. Here we report observation Rayleigh-Jeans thermalization light waves states. The wave relaxes state through its propagation multimode fiber-i.e., conservative...

We report experimental observation and characterization of rogue wave-like extreme value statistics arising from pump-signal noise transfer in a fiber Raman amplifier. Specifically, by exploiting amplification with an incoherent pump, the amplified signal is shown to develop series temporal intensity spikes whose peak power follows power-law probability distribution. The results are interpreted using numerical model gain process coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, predicts good...

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to generate parabolic pulses via a single dispersion decreasing optical fiber with normal dispersion.We numerically and investigate influence of profile, we show that hybrid configuration combining decrease gain has several benefits on generated pulses.

The Akhmediev breather formalism of modulation instability is extended to describe the spectral dynamics induced multiple sideband generation from a modulated continuous wave field. Exact theoretical results describing frequency domain evolution are compared with experiments performed using single mode fiber around 1550 nm. theory shown reproduce depletion an injected pump and Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence recovery towards initial state. Realistic simulations including higher-order dispersion,...