Using the overall FDI inflows for 89 countries during period from 1985 to 2007, we empirically investigate effects on inward of various components political and financial risk. We examine not only level these risks but also their changes over time. One major findings is that among risks, risk adversely associated with inflows. Specifically, initially low risk, a decrease in helps bring greater amount On other hand, lower does attract inflows, especially developing countries. Among sample...

We investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on global value chains by examining bilateral trade in finished machinery products from January to June both 2019 and 2020. use numbers cases deaths as measures impact pandemic. Specifically, we how these affect three scenarios-countries that import products, countries export parts exporting products-to assess demand, output, supply chain, respectively. In our analysis, largest negative were chain effects, followed output effects. contrast, did not find...

Abstract This study aims to empirically investigate the role of E-commerce (EC) on trade impacts COVID-19. To this end, we estimate gravity equations for bilateral among 34 reporting countries and their 145 partner during January–August in 2019 2020. Our major findings can be summarized as follows. A larger number confirmed cases or deaths both importing exporting significantly decrease international trade. However, found that EC development contributes mitigating negative effect COVID-19...

Abstract Recent empirical studies which utilize plant‐ or establishment‐level data to examine globalization's impact on productivity have discovered many causal mechanisms involved in firms’ productivity. Because these pathways been broad, there few attempts summarize the several and detailed of self‐selection learning at same time. This paper examines seven so that clear‐cut consequences broad picture globalization become visible. strategy is useful for detecting missing links within across...

This study empirically investigates what kinds of countries imported and exported medical products during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine bilateral trade values traded among 35 reporting 250 partner between January August in both 2019 2020. shed light on four linkages, including political ties (captured by voting similarity United Nations), economic (existence agreements), demographic (migrants) geographical (distance). Our findings can be summarised as follows. An increase burden leads to...

Abstract The aim of this study is to quantify how lockdown policies implemented in response the COVID-19 pandemic affected international trade first half 2020. We examine monthly world data between January and June both 2019 Our findings can be summarized as follows. Stay-at-home orders did not have significant robust effects on trade. Negative were found only some industries, including those producing durable products essential products. However, workplace closures had negative trade,...

ABSTRACT Supply chain decoupling in the US–China confrontation has generated serious uncertainties for private businesses. This paper focuses on machinery international production networks East Asia and tries to find quantitative evidence supply by using trade statistics, particularly from viewpoint of middle powers such as Japan. While data sectoral level do not show any clear decoupling, some specific US export controls indeed affect transactions when examined at a finely disaggregated...

This study empirically examines how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted foreign direct investment (FDI), using quarterly data on bilateral FDI flows from 173 home to 192 host economies first quarter of 2019 second 2021. The severity COVID-19 in adversely affected manufacturing sector regardless entry mode, but effect economies' situation was insignificant. On other hand, services sector, both and significantly negative impact greenfield FDI, not cross-border M&A.

The utilization of ASEAN free trade agreements ( FTA ) is low by international standards. To clarify the reasons for such utilization, this paper uses unique affiliate‐level data to investigate what kinds J apanese affiliates in are more likely use an scheme their exporting. Our findings as follows. First, larger affiliate is, or diversified origins its procurements, it utilize Second, that export actively countries with higher general tariffs . Third, there clear differences depending on...

In this paper, we examine the role of export promotion agencies ( EPA s) in promoting exports from J apan and K orea. Looking at two home countries enables us to tackle endogeneity issues by controlling for both country‐pair time‐invariant characteristics importing‐country time‐varying characteristics. Our empirical results indicate that has a positive significant effect on even when control endogeneity. However, size becomes substantially smaller, implying importance addressing accurately...

This study sheds light on the role of import diversity inputs and explores effects COVID-19 global value chains (GVCs). Using monthly export data final machinery products for 35 countries indicators with 252 trade partner countries, we investigate supply-side GVCs during period from January to August 2020 examine how influences such effects. As a result, find negative in all three industries, greatest ones transport equipment industry. In addition, impacts industries are larger trade–fall...

ABSTRACT This study examines the determination of import policies imposed on a monopoly platform product in two‐sided market. The facilitates interaction between consumers and service providers with entry influencing demand and, consequently, encouraging more entries. finds that optimal are influenced by network externalities an increase number importing countries. Specifically, tariffs small degree externalities. when but decrease they large. In case large externalities, countries' become...