Maleinized soybean oil (MSO) has been investigated as a flexible, macromolecular crosslinker for cotton fabrics. The ability of MSO to penetrate crystalline cellulose and crosslink aligned chains upon cure in question. This study compares the penetration capability dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), which is commercial standard durable press finishing an efficient crosslinker. X-ray diffraction was employed characterize changes morphology heating un-mercerized fabrics treated with...

Magnesium is electrochemically the most active metal employed in common structural alloys of iron and aluminum. Mg widely used as a sacrificial anode to provide cathodic protection underground undersea metallic structures, ships, submarines, bridges, decks, aircraft ground transportation systems. Following same principle utilizing characteristics engineering advantages decade-long successful R&D effort, powder now organic coatings (termed Mg-rich primers) pigment protect aerospace grade...

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) have garnered increasing interest in recent years due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials. The unique phase-separated morphologies exhibited PUD films and coatings provide opportunities directing distribution of functional additives controlling properties. Although there has been extensive research on polyurethanes several decades, mechanisms underlying morphology formation are poorly understood. driven by interactions...

Large-scale industrial applications of barrier films and coatings that prevent permeation degradative gases moisture call for the development cost-efficient ecofriendly polymer nanocomposites. Herein, we report facile fabrication latex nanocomposites (LNCs) by incorporating surface-modified graphene oxide (mGO) at various loadings (0.025–1.2 wt %) into a styrene-acrylic using water as processing solvent. LNCs fabricated with mGO exhibited significant reductions (up to 67%) in vapor sorption,...

It has been previously reported that the Grignard Metathesis polymerization of 3-alkyl thiophenes proceeds by a quasi-"living" chain growth or "catalyst transfer polycondensation" mechanism. Several publications present data in support transition metal species acting as an initiator and specifically maintaining Ni(0) association with single growing polymer chain. However, our study 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene via GPC, MALDI-TOF, GC-MS verifies independently conjunction one another is...

Abstract The research objective was to determine whether naturally occurring epoxy functional vernonia oil would result in lower viscosity compounds after converting the virgin into cyclic carbonate using supercritical carbon dioxide as reactant. produced relatively mild conditions described paper. Carbonated retains characteristic low of oil, and offers potential a valuable, biobased intermediate for synthesizing resins.

In this study, a series of thiol–ene networks having glass transition temperatures ranging from −30 to 60 °C were synthesized utilizing several multifunctional thiols and two trifunctional alkenes. Thermomechanical properties determined using dynamic mechanical analysis, impact pendulum drop testing protocols. The behavior was found directly correlate the temperature, except when temperature at which event occurs overlaps with range corresponding viscoelastic dissipation regime polymer....

Abstract Monodispersed copolymer emulsions, each with a different polymer particle size, were used to investigate the effect of size on electrical and thermomechanical properties carbon black (CB)‐filled segregated network composites. These emulsions synthesized equal moles methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate, latex ranging from 83 771 nm. The percolation threshold was found decrease 2.7 1.1 vol % CB as increased. Microstructural images reveal diminished coalescence, improved segregation,...

Protective coating systems (PCS) are a common and facile method to protect metal substrates from corrosion. The corrosion control performance of polymer-coated is still predominantly evaluated by visual assessment. Unfortunately, for many decades, PCS material development testing has basically been complicated process waiting determine which coating, in relative terms, allows occur first an intentionally created breach through the coating. This type provides only ratings between performance....

All glassy epoxy polymers develop macroscopic properties at some degree of conversion. Our selected example, diglycidyl ether bisphenol‐A pre‐polymer, was cured with 3,3′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone stoichiometric equivalents using a series cure profiles to produce distinct variation in the conversion and result varying network connectivity. Activation energy epoxy‐amine reaction this system ∼61 kJ/mol. The calculated barrier found vary extent is attributed multimechanistic reactions. Epoxy‐amine...

The corrosion and scribe creep of ultra-high molecular weight epoxy resin (poly[bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin] glycidyl end-capped [C18H22O3]n·C22H26O4)-coated AISI 1018 steel (UNS G10180; 0.15% C, 0.7% Mn, balance Fe) was investigated. Selected standard laboratory-accelerated life tests were compared to field exposures full immersion elucidate similarities differences between under the paint steel. To accurately discern these phenomena, comparisons tests, made using many methods...

An acrylate-functional soybean oil-based macromonomer (SoyAA-1) was synthesized in high yields utilizing sequential amidation and acrylation processes to serve as an internal plasticizer emulsion polymers. The structure structure–property relationships of this unique were validated with FTIR, NMR, LC-MS. viability SoyAA-1 a comonomer polymerization established via copolymerization methyl methacrylate (MMA) at varying copolymer weight compositions. effect increasing levels concomitantly...

The aim of this study was to obtain a fundamental understanding how running shoe midsole foam thickness contributes footwear degradation using the heel and forefoot regions traditional (TS) minimalist (MS) shoes. We hypothesized that ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) material properties performance under biofidelic mechanical ageing protocol would differ as function type thickness. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated chemical compositions were similar...

The pursuit to abate sport-related concussion necessitates thorough evaluation of protective technologies and product claims. Therefore, the purpose this investigation was to: (i) define linear impulse compression behavior Aware-Flow shock absorber (the primary energy managing component Xenith X1 football helmet); (ii) characterize resultant force–time curves utilizing compressive loading foam materials; (iii) verify published findings Absorbers (N = 24) from three adult helmets were...

Protective coatings are often erroneously thought of as perfect environmental barriers for metal substrates; however, a host corrosion inducing contaminants permeate through defect-free coatings. Carbon nanotubes high aspect ratio nanofillers with unique mechanical, electrical, and polymer interaction properties well-established yet, practical reasons, unrealized potential. The research objective was to quantify understand the influential effects relationships between low concentration...

Abstract Ferulic acid (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamic acid) is a phytochemical antioxidant that widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Cinnamic derivatives are used as biobased ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in sunscreen formulations. Soybean oil ferulate, UV absorber, was synthesized by reacting soyamide with ferulic acid. The resulting product characterized infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Spectroscopic studies...

The scribe creep of ultra-high molecular weight epoxy-resin-coated AISI 1018 steel (UNS G10180) has been found to be a complex function environmental severity factors (ESFs). In this work, fractional factorial design experiments (FFA) was employed probe the effects ESFs. variables explored were temperature, relative humidity (%RH), chloride, ultraviolet light (UV), and wet/dry cycling. ESFs examined using controlled laboratory exposures by systematic variation at high low levels across...

Existing attempts to evaluate footwear via cyclic compression fail sufficiently represent biofidelic force-time curves or provide the underlying mechanism of EVA foam fatigue. A uniaxial waveform was compared a sine wave same frequency examine differences in (1) net displacement, (2) absorbed energy, and (3) peak force from ASTM F1614. non-destructive molecular-level technique (ATR-FTIR) recorded hydroxyl, ester, unsaturated moieties due degradation. It concluded that waveforms may better...

Abstract Summary: A soybean oil‐based vegetable oil macromonomer (VOMM) was incorporated as a comonomer into an all‐acrylic copolymer via semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization. Structurally, VOMMs are comprised of long hydrocarbon fatty acid moieties with allylic double bonds which enable auto‐oxidative crosslinking at ambient temperature. facilitate low temperature film formation and the chains tethered to polymer backbone auto‐oxidize upon yield crosslinked films. Latexes varying VOMM...