Stem cells present unique regenerative abilities, offering great potential for treatment of prevalent pathologies such as diabetes, neurodegenerative and heart diseases. Various research groups dedicated significant effort to identify sets genes—so-called stemness signatures—considered essential define stem cells. However, their usage has been hindered by the lack comprehensive resources easy-to-use tools. For this we developed StemChecker, a novel analysis tool, based on curation nearly...

It is generally accepted that hydrogenosomes (hydrogen-producing organelles) evolved from a mitochondrial ancestor. However, until recently, only indirect evidence for this hypothesis was available. Here, we present the almost complete genome of hydrogen-producing mitochondrion anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis and show that, except notable absence genes encoding electron transport chain components Complexes III, IV, V, it has gene content similar to genomes aerobic ciliates. Analysis...

Abstract Background Patients suffering from osteoporosis show an increased number of adipocytes in their bone marrow, concomitant with a reduction the pool human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, thus leading suppressed osteogenesis. Methods In order be interfere this process, we have investigated in-vitro culture conditions whereby adipogenic differentiation hMSCs is impaired and osteogenic promoted. By means gene expression microarray analysis,...

Protein-rich legumes accompanied carbohydrate-rich cereals since the beginning of agriculture and yet their domestication history is not as well understood. Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. ) was first cultivated in Southwest Asia (SWA) 8000–10,000 years ago but archeological evidence unclear to how many times it may have been independently domesticated, which SWA region(s) this happened, whether wild species within genus contributed gene pool. In study, we combined...

Aims: The BolA protein family is widespread among eukaryotes and bacteria. In Escherichia coli, causes a spherical cell shape overexpressed during oxidative stress. Here we aim to elucidate the possible role of its human homolog BOLA1 in mitochondrial morphology thiol redox potential regulation. Results: We show that counterbalances effect L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion on potential. Furthermore, overexpression nullifies BSO S-nitrosocysteine...

In this study, the intestinal microbial proteome of children with established type 1 diabetes (T1D) was compared healthy (Control) aim to identify differences in activity microbiota that not only will contribute a deeper knowledge functionality gut these but also may provide new approaches improve control disease. Faecal protein extracts collected from three T1D (aged 9.3±0.6 years) and Control 9.3±1.5 were analysed using combination 2D gel electrophoresis spectral counting. The results...

Translation termination is accomplished by proteins of the Class I release factor family (RF) that recognize stop codons and catalyze ribosomal newly synthesized peptide. Bacteria have two canonical RFs: RF1 recognizes UAA UAG, RF2 UGA. Despite these are sufficient for de facto translation termination, eukaryotic organellar RF protein family, which has evolved from bacterial factors, expanded considerably, comprising multiple subfamilies, most not been functionally characterized or formally...

Abstract The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) cytokine family, which comprises three pleiotropic cytokines (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3), plays a key role in many diseases including cancer fibrosis. of TGFβ disease is well established efforts to develop therapies via inhibition the isoforms their receptors have been pursued for decades. Unfortunately, progress this pursuit has limited as complete signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors receptor or following administration potent...

Abstract The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) cytokine family, which comprises three pleiotropic cytokines (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3), plays a key role in many diseases including cancer fibrosis. of TGFβ disease is well established efforts to develop therapies via inhibition the isoforms their receptors have been pursued for decades. Unfortunately, progress this pursuit has limited as complete signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors receptor or following administration potent...

mtRF1 is a vertebrate mitochondrial protein with an unknown function that arose from duplication of the release factor mtRF1a. To elucidate mtRF1, we determined positions are conserved among sequences but different in their mtRF1a paralogs. We subsequently modeled 3D structure and bound to ribosome, highlighting structural implications these differences derive hypothesis for mtRF1. Our model predicts, agreement experimental data, allows it recognize stop codons UAA UAG A-site ribosome. In...

Transcriptomic data have become a fundamental resource for stem cell (SC) biologists as well wider research audience studying SC-related processes such aging, embryonic development and prevalent diseases including cancer, diabetes neurodegenerative diseases. Access analysis of the growing amount freely available transcriptomics datasets SCs, however, are not trivial tasks. Here, we present StemMapper, manually curated gene expression database comprehensive SC research, built on integrated...

Abstract Several (multiply) iodinated squarylium cyanine dyes of type 1 and 8 (see Scheme Table ), derived from 1,3‐benzothiazole 6‐iodo‐1,3‐benzothiazole, were synthesized as potential new photosensitizers, with absorptions in the 700‐nm region. Their ability to generate singlet oxygen ( O 2 ) was assessed by luminescence‐decay measurement near‐IR. Some these show interesting photophysical properties, may be potentially used photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Abstract Background Hydrogenosomes are organelles that produce molecular hydrogen and ATP. The broad phylogenetic distribution of their hosts suggests the hydrogenosomes these organisms evolved several times independently from mitochondria aerobic progenitors. Morphology 18S rRNA phylogeny suggest microaerophilic amoeboflagellate Psalteriomonas lanterna , which possesses elusive "modified mitochondria", belongs to Heterolobosea, a taxon consists predominantly aerobic, mitochondriate...

Abstract Background Nyctotherus ovalis is a single-celled eukaryote that has hydrogen-producing mitochondria and lives in the hindgut of cockroaches. Like all members ciliate taxon, it two types nuclei, micronucleus macronucleus. N. generates its macronuclear chromosomes by forming polytene subsequently develop into DNA elimination rearrangement. Results We examined structure these gene-sized . determined telomeres, subtelomeric regions, UTRs, coding regions introns sequencing large set...

Therapy resistance is responsible for most relapses in patients with cancer and the major challenge to improving clinical outcome. The pseudokinase Tribbles homologue 2 (TRIB2) has been characterized as an important driver of several anti-cancer drugs, including dual ATP-competitive PI3K mTOR inhibitor dactolisib (BEZ235). TRIB2 promotes AKT activity, leading inactivation FOXO transcription factors, which are known mediate cell response antitumor drugs. To characterize downstream events we...

Genetic diversity is fundamental to breeding programs and consequently has an important role in obtaining new varieties. To properly use the genetic present germplasm collections, a good knowledge of agro-morphological traits each accession needed. The aim this study was explore production capacity 24 cowpea landraces from southern Europe, through phenotypic characterization evaluation three different locations Greece Portugal.Most qualitative parameters tested showed high stability among...

In our previous study the enrichment of intestinal proteome type 1 diabetes (T1D) children with

During vertebrate embryo development, the body is progressively segmented along anterior-posterior (A-P) axis early in development. The rate of somite formation controlled by somitogenesis clock (EC), which was first described as gene expression oscillations hairy1 ( hes4 ) presomitic mesoderm chick embryos with 15–20 somites. Here, EC displays same periodicity formation, 90 min, whereas posterior-most somites (44–52) only arise every 150 minutes, matched a corresponding slower pace EC....

The case of an 80-year-old woman with symmetrical breast engorgement and nonspecific systemic symptoms progressively developing over 3 months confirmed on surgical biopsy to be due intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (ILBCL) is presented. To our knowledge, ILBCL has never been reported in the before its mammography ultrasound appearances are described.

The quaternary structure of eukaryotic NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), the largest complex oxidative phosphorylation, is still mostly unresolved. Furthermore, it unknown where transiently bound assembly factors interact with I. We therefore asked whether evolution I contains information about its 3D topology and binding positions factors. approached these questions by correlating evolutionary rates subunits using mirror-tree method mapping results into a representation...

<ns4:p>Segmentation is the partitioning of body axis into a series repeating units or segments. This widespread plan found in annelids, arthropods, and chordates, showing it to be successful developmental strategy for growing generating diverse morphology anatomy. Segmentation has been extensively studied over years. Forty years ago, Cooke Zeeman published Clock Wavefront model, creating theoretical framework how developing cells could acquire keep temporal spatial information order generate...