International norm polarization is a rare but recurring process within international dynamics. Polarization describes the most combative response to attempted change: ‘a candidate accepted by some states resisted others, leading period of disputation between two groups in which socializing pressures pull toward compliance with rival norms’. We identify several cases and explain this phenomenon elaborating constructivist model life cycle processes resistance change as well acceptance. also...

This paper extends existing world society literature on the international diffusion of norms by examining divergence in society. First, we identify polarizing trends national regulation homosexuality. Since 2005, dominant post-WWII global trend toward liberalization has been challenged a countervailing which some countries have adopted more repressive laws regulating Second, seek to whether states' alignment with either liberal or conservative models influences public opinion. Analyzing...

Abstract ‘Legitimacy’ is commonly cited as one of three fundamental mechanisms social control within both domestic politics and international society. However, despite growing attention to the legitimacy global governance, little consideration has been given identity political communities that must grant an organisation or conditions under which valuable for functioning organisation. In raising responding these questions, this article rejects argument actors gain among all subject...

Accounting rules used for compiling national greenhouse gas inventories play a significant role in constituting the global climate change regime's character. These have major political and policy implications. Production-based accounting production-based emissions targets contribute to deadlock negotiations by deflecting attention away from consumption patterns accentuating tensions among underlying norms. dynamics inefficient domestic mitigation policies, conflict over norm of “common but...

Abstract Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios that limit warming to 1.5°C require that, in addition unprecedented reductions global greenhouse gas emissions, between 100 and 1,000 metric gigatons of CO2 be removed from the atmosphere before 2100. Despite this, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is not yet firmly national or policy agendas. Owing uncertainty about both technical potential social license, it unclear whether CDR required scale will even feasible. This article asks what...

The creation and funding of international institutions for adaptation to climate change involve questions justice. Should unconditional assistance flow governments or should be provided in ways that ensure benefits vulnerable populations? Do major emitters greenhouse gases have special obligations assist the developing world adapt change? Which actors are proper bearers assist? After reviewing both state-centred cosmopolitan arguments about assistance, it is argued neither philosophical...

The implications for Green political theory of the international community's failure to avert dangerous warming are evaluated. An emerging conflict is identified between Green-romantic value restraint and Green-rationalist protection, a desire preserve biotic systems distrust scientific solutions problems that intrinsically social. In response, approaches outlined can help navigate current period overshoot beyond safe planetary boundaries by informing choices among bundles environmental...

Amid growing alarm over the rising atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, increasing attention is being given to ‘geo-engineering’ technologies that could counteract some impacts global warming by either reducing absorption solar energy (solar radiation management (SRM)) or removing carbon dioxide from atmosphere. Geo-engineering has potential dramatically alter dynamics climate change negotiations because it might cool without constraining fossil fuel use. Some scholars have...

Green accounts of environmental citizenship typically seek to promote sustainability and justice. However, some green theorists have argued that liberal freedoms are incompatible with preserving a planetary environment capable meeting basic human needs must be wound back. More recently, 'ecomodernists' proposed liberalism might reconciled challenges through state-directed innovation focused on the provision global public goods. Yet, they not articulated an account ecomodernist citizenship....

Abstract Policy instruments promoting sustainability, such as investment taxonomies, are playing an increasing role in guiding the allocation of financial resources internationally. But can policy define sustainability ways that both operational (i.e. assessable via replicable procedures) and which specify practices reliably be expected to enhance future generations' welfare? This paper analyses candidate definitions identifies a dilemma: while various identify ‘capital’ variable whose value...

Abstract What is a Classical Realist analysis of climate ethics and politics? ethical differs from ideal normative theory in that it addresses state decision-makers rather than individuals, assumes highly imperfect compliance with the demands justice, concerned feasibility transition end-states. Realists urge leaders to prioritise security over private moral concerns, assess rival policies against their likely consequences seek ‘lesser evil’ among feasible choices. But how does Realism...

Abstract This article revisits a number of familiar debates about climate change mitigation yet draws some unorthodox conclusions. First, that progress towards renewable small‐scale energy future in environmentally conscious countries such as Germany and Sweden may take the world whole further away from stability by reducing political pressure to finance breakthrough innovation. Second, without game‐changing innovations, developing will continue deploy whatever technologies are domestically...

Given current emissions trends an increase in global temperatures excess of 2°C is highly likely the coming century. In this context, it seems increasingly probable that states may consider solar geoengineering as a stop-gap climate response. Solar refers to measures aim alleviate some measure warming by intentionally increasing amount sun's energy reflected into space. Currently two most discussed techniques involve either marine cloud brightening or dispersing aerosols stratosphere. These...

Abstract Recent scientific findings have underscored the need for a rapid global decarbonization. Yet, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise despite vast investments in small-scale renewable energy. Meanwhile, prolonged international climate negotiations yet deliver effective mitigation action. By problematizing issue scalability and taking into consideration realist analysis relations, this article suggests 1) that national transitions low-carbon economy can only...

We propose that an international ‘Low-Emissions Technology Commitment’ should be incorporated into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiation process in order to promote innovation will enable deep decarbonization. The goal is accelerate research, development, and demonstration of safe, scalable, affordable low-emissions energy technologies. Such a commitment based three elements. First, it operate within existing UNFCCC negotiations so as encourage...

Public participation and engagement in decision-making regarding science technology ('PP&E') is an increasingly common practice. But what known of whether PP&E achieves its goals? Surprisingly, little research evaluates PP&E. We put forth three reasons why advocates practitioners should take evaluation seriously: the absence causes PP&E's advocacy to fail a minimal burden-of-proof standard; costs are greater than they appear; these may be disproportionately borne by already-disadvantaged....

Abstract If and when artificial intelligence systems become superhuman in more aspects of analytic reasoning, this will inevitably have a strong impact on the social organisation science, including academic writing, reviewing, publishing. We consider how norms publishing should be adjusted as happens. To do so, we propose four intuitively plausible desiderata that fulfil age increasingly advanced (AI) argue there are no “quick fixes” to current these desiderata. indicate scale change needed...