Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) supports long-range communication for hundreds to millions smart devices and enables new types of services in Internet Things (IoT) context. Several wireless technologies have proposed; LoRa technology is arguable the most adopted, LoRaWAN an open standard network stack based on modulation at physical layer. That combination promises popular connectivity outdoor applications, while maintaining simple structures managements. This work provides in-depth...

In this work, the system performance analysis of cooperative networks with power splitting protocol-based energy harvesting (EH) over Nakagami-m/Rayleigh channels is proposed. The exact-form expressions outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity (EC) demonstrated derived. Using proposed probabilistic models for wireless channels, we derive OP EC as a research result. Finally, conduct Monte Carlo simulations to verify system. results demonstrate effectiveness EH in network channels.

We examine a general wireless sensor network (WSN) model which incorporates large number of sensors distributed over and complex geographical area. The study proposes solutions for flexible deployment, low cost high reliability in network. To achieve these aims, we propose the application an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as flying relay to receive forward signals that employ nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) spectral sharing efficiency. obtain optimal subclusters UAV positioning, apply...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are envisioned to play a key role in the Sixth-Generation (6G) and Beyond Fifth-Generation (B5G) networks.Resolving spectrum constraints UAV communications remains critical issue.This article investigates Full-Duplex (FD) UAV-aided Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) effectively utilise scarce wireless spectrum.Specifically, exact closed-form formulas for outage probability of FD NOMA have been developed.The results validated using Monte Carlo simulation...

Energy harvesting and information transferring simultaneously by radio frequency (RF) is considered as the novel solution for green-energy wireless communications. From that point of view, system performance (SP) analysis multisource power splitting (PS) energy (EH) relaying network (RN) over block Rayleigh-fading channels presented investigated. We investigate in both delay-tolerant transmission (DTT), delay-limited (DLT) modes devices work half-duplex (HD) system. In this model system,...

Thanks to the benefits of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in wireless communications, we evaluate a sensor network deploying NOMA (WSN-NOMA), where destination can receive two data symbols whole transmission process with time slots. In this work, relaying protocols, so-called time-switching-based WSN-NOMA (TSR WSN-NOMA) and power-splitting-based (PSR are deployed study energy-harvesting (EH). Regarding system performance analysis, obtain closed-form expressions for exact approximate...

In long-range wireless communication networks, the fading channels described in channel state information are strongly related to distance and path loss exponent represent a major challenge delivering performance required support emerging applications. Conveniently, multiple antennas cooperative relays efficient solutions that can combat channels, thereby improving networking capacity transmission reliability. This study investigated use of multi-antenna unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)s as...

This study investigates global research trends on STEAM in early childhood education from 2013 to 2023. The bibliometric analysis method was utilized analyze a dataset of 129 documents extracted the Scopus database. results reveal growing interest this field, with notable increase number publications 2019 2023 compared 2013-2018. USA leads both and citations. "Early Childhood Education Journal" is most prominent, while “Sullivan A” “Bers MU” gain significant impact topic. review identifies...

In this research, we investigate a hybrid time-switching relay (TSR)⁻power-splitting (PSR) alternate energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Rician fading channels. For purpose, amplify-and-forward (AF) mode is considered for alternative time TSR⁻PSR. The system model consists of one source, destination and two relays signal transmission from source to destination. first step, exact asymptotic expressions outage probability symbol errors ratio (SER) are derived. Then, influence all...

The energy harvesting amplify-and-forward full-duplex relaying network over the dissimilar fading environments in imperfect CSI condition is investigated. In this system model, energy, and information are transferred from source to relay nodes by power splitting protocol with helping of node. Firstly, outage probability, achievable throughput, optimal factor terms analytical mathematical expressions were proposed, analyzed, demonstrated. Furthermore, performance proposed model on connection...

In this paper, the system performance of a decode-and-forward (DF) full-duplex (FD) adaptive relaying network over Rician fading environment is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated. first stage, presented with energy harvesting information transmission processes. After that, analytical expressions achievable throughput, outage probability, symbol error ratio (SER) were Finally, results are also demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation in comparison closed-form influence key parameters. The show...

<p><span>In this paper, we investigate system performance in term of throughput and ergodic capacity the hybrid time-power switching protocol energy harvesting bidirectional relaying network. In first stage, analytical expression model is proposed derived. analysis, both delay-limited delay-tolerant transmission modes are presented considered. After that, effect various parameters on investigated demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Finally, results show that mathematical...

In this time, energy efficiency (EE), measured in bits per Watt, has been considered as an important emerging metric energy-constrained wireless communication networks because of their shortage. paper, we investigate power beacon assisted (PB) harvesting (EH) half-duplex (HD) network under co-channel Interferer over Rayleigh fading environment. work, the model system with time switching (TS) protocol. Firstly, exact and asymptotic form expressions outage probability (OP) are analyzed...

This work studies the SWIPT-based half-duplex (HD) decode-and-forward (DF) relay network, wherein user can scavenge power from source’s radio-frequency (RF) signals and then utilize it to convey information destination. Specifically, two relaying schemes, termed static splitting- (SPS-) based (SPSR) optimal dynamic (DPS-) (ODPSR), are proposed investigate benefits of each one fully. Based on above discussions, system’s performance for outage probability (OP) is studied. Concretely, we derive...

In recent years, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has become a promising technology for the advancement of future wireless communications. principle, relay node with better channel conditions can support others to enhance system performance by using successive interference cancellation (SIC) technique. this paper, we take advantage NOMA in study relaying cooperative operating half-duplex (HD) fixed decode-and-forward (DF) scheme. two time slots, data symbols are received at destination...

<span>Cooperative communication has been recently proposed in wireless systems for exploring the inherent spatial diversity relay channels. In this work, we investigate system performance of energy harvesting full-duplex (FD) decode-and-forward (DF) hybrid time switching-power splitting relaying TSR-PSR (TPSR) protocol network. selection scheme, best user is and investigated. Mainly derive closed-form expression outage probability, throughput symbol error rate (SER) system. Numerical...

Nowadays, the interaction between humans and systems is much better, which allows to be able accomplish a huge range of tasks. Focusing on intelligent communication human understanding systems, in this work we develop an application, humanoid robot receive oral commands from find desired colored object. Fuzzy logic used for color recognition following perception reasoning, Evidence theory employed fuse information multiple cameras order improve quality. Experimentation results show that...

<span>In this paper, the system performance in term of ergodic capacity a half-duplex decode-and-forward relaying network over Rician Fading Channel is investigated. The power splitting protocol proposed for model. For purpose, analytical mathematical expressions cases maximize and no-maximize are derived discussed. Furthermore, effect various parameters on rigorously studied. Finally, results also demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation comparison with expressions. research show that...