The home advantage and unconscious referee bias are two well-documented phenomena in professional sports, especially association football. Among the various factors determining them, crowd noise is considered as one of most relevant; yet, majority previous studies could not isolate its contribution. possibility to study effects - or, better, absence an ecological context was given by matches played behind closed doors due COVID-19 pandemic. aim present investigate whether still occur (and...

Movement rehabilitation by means of physical therapy represents an essential tool in the management gait disturbances induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this context, use Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) has been proven useful improving several spatio-temporal parameters, but concerning its effect on patterns scarce information is available from a kinematic viewpoint. study we used three-dimensional analysis based optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry to investigate effects 5 weeks...

The use of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) has been proven useful in the management gait disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Typically, RAS consists metronome or music-based sounds (artificial RAS), while ecological footstep (ecological RAS) have never used for rehabilitation programs.The aim this study was to compare effects a program integrated either artificial RAS.An observer-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted investigate 5 weeks supervised RAS....

musical note values.

When asked to produce random numbers individuals generate more small than large ones, a phenomenon known as "Small Number Bias" (SNB; Loetscher & Brugger, 2007). This bias has been associated with spatial preference "pseudoneglect," where attention is biased towards the left side of mental number line during numerical processing (Loetscher 2009). Another potential explanation for SNB higher frequency use compared in daily life (Dehaene Mehler, 1992). study aims determine which these two...

Principles of perceptual organization can cause simultaneous lightness contrast to be seen in patterns which the inducing regions are not proximal target. In three experiments a match was made between two grey targets, one belonged white grouping and other black one. experiment 1, perceived belongingness product common fate figural alignment (columns dots columns moved up down counterphase). 2, evoked with only alignment. 3, induced by alone. all it found that target belonging group appeared...

It has been shown that humans are able to recognise their own movement. While visual cues have amply studied, the contribution of auditory is not clear. Our aim was investigate role temporal in identification one's or others' performance a complex movement—a golf swing. We investigated whether golfers discriminate between sounds associated with swings and other golfers' swings, by using relative timing overall duration The produced participants performing 65 m shots recorded used create...

In common practice, sports-perceptual interventions are mainly based on vision. However, research demonstrates that sporting performance can also be improved through the use of sounds, showing relevance auditory channel to convey sports-related information, which positively affect athletes’ motor outcomes. This review examines potential audio-based in sport. The relevant concepts defined, a brief overview techniques vision is given and laboratory studies demonstrating effectiveness sounds...

Both symbolic (digits) and non-symbolic (dots) numerals are spatially coded, with relatively small numbers being responded faster a left key large right (spatial-numerical association of response codes [SNARC]). The idea format independent SNARC seems to support the existence common system for numerical representations, although evidence in field is still mixed. aim present study investigate whether interact effect when both information simultaneously displayed. To do so, participants were...

The motor system is engaged when we perceive movement in the environment, even have no sensorimotor experience of that movement. It has been suggested this ability relies on internal models comprise specific exteroceptive representations, such as audition and vision. shown that, for human movements, quality perception depends closeness between perceived perceiver's own capability reproducing it. Thus, if are able to reproduce a movement, also interoceptive memories enable us run same...

The decision-making processes of referees in sports are affected by many factors, including the pressure spectators. While home/visitor bias has been previously investigated, role crowd noise less studied. In present study, we investigated how (calm vs. pressing) influence decisions basketball referees, when examining videos potential fouls. doing so, also considered level competitive anxiety (low high anxiety), as factor potentially interacting with exerted A 2 × ANOVA (Crowd x Anxiety)...

Abstract The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect consists in faster left-/right-key responses to small/large numbers. (Bächtold et al., Neuropsychologia 36:731–735, 1998) reported the reversal this after eliciting context a clockface—where small numbers are represented on right and large left. present study investigates how salience particular spatial-numerical context, which reflects level activation working memory, can alter Spatial Numerical Associations (SNAs)....

Lightness induction can occur on the basis of immediate surround a region (local interactions) and also global factors perceptual organization. The experiments reported in this article used novel displays that made it possible to differentiate contributions these two kinds offactors. demonstrated, for first time, when higher-level act contemporaneously with lower-level factors, contrast effect induced by global-organization principle belongingness overcomes due retinal lateral inhibition.

We investigated whether angle magnitude, similarly to numerical quantities (i.e., the spatial-numerical association of response codes effect), is associated side execution. In addition, we this has properties a spatially oriented mental line, since angles are taught in right-to-left progression. tested two groups participants: civil engineering students (high familiarity with angles) and psychology (low angles). Experiment 1, participants were asked judge continuity angles’ arms (continuous...

In light of the growing body research that is revealing significant role auditory domain in sport, present study aims to investigate contribution early and visual information prediction volleyball serves’ length. To this purpose, three within-subjects experiments were run, which differed among them terms stimuli (audiovisual congruent vs audiovisual incongruent; audio only video only) and/or number possible answers. particular, expert players asked predict length temporally occluded overhand...