Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial and behavioural impact of first ever national level comprehensive workplace smoke-free law, implemented in Ireland March 2004. Design: Quasi-experimental prospective cohort survey: parallel telephone surveys representative samples adult smokers (n = 769) UK 416), surveyed before law (December 2003 to January 2004) 8–9 months after 2004 2005). Main outcome measures: Respondents’ reports smoking key public venues, support for total bans those changes due...

Schools are in a unique position to promote healthy dietary behaviors and help ensure appropriate nutrient intake. This article describes the characteristics of both school nutrition services foods beverages sold outside meals program United States, including state- district-level policies practices.The Centers for Disease Control Prevention conducts School Health Policies Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires...

Scope Plant secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids are commonly associated with benefits for human health. Two of the most abundant phenylpropanoid‐derived compounds detected in faecal samples phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 4‐hydroxylphenylacetic (4‐hydroxyPAA). Although they have potential to be derived from diets rich plant‐based foods, evidence suggests that these can microbial fermentation aromatic amino (AAAs) colon. Methods results To identify bacteria responsible, 26 strains...

Chronic metabolic acidosis has been previously shown to stimulate protein degradation. To evaluate the effects of chronic on nitrogen balance and synthesis we measured albumin rates urinary excretion in eight male subjects a constant diet before during two different degrees (NH4Cl 2.1 mmol/kg body weight, low dose group, 4.2 high orally for 7 d). Albumin were by intravenous injection [2H5ring]phenylalanine (43 mg/kg 7.5 atom percent 15 percent, respectively) after an overnight fast. In...

This study investigated changes in and factors related to students' technology-related abilities, beliefs, intentions. Participants were 76 preservice teachers who responded pre- post-course surveys while taking an introductory educational technology course. Statistically significant found perceived self-efficacy value intentions use software their future classrooms. Students' self-efficacy, moderately correlated with each other. Abilities computer access. The best predictors of gender,...

The human intestine harbors both lactate-producing and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Lactate is normally present at <3 mmol liter(-1) in stool samples from healthy adults, but concentrations up to 100 have been reported gut disorders such as ulcerative colitis. effect of different initial pH values (5.2, 5.9, 6.4) upon lactate metabolism was studied with fecal inocula volunteers, incubations performed the addition dl-lactate, a mixture polysaccharides (mainly starch), or both. Propionate...

Abstract A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for measuring very low levels of enrichment d 5 ‐phenylalanine (0.002–0.09 atom percent excess) is described. This makes it possible to determine the amino acid incorporated into tissue protein during studies synthesis in man. Phenylalamine enzymatically converted phenylethylamine and ‐enrichment measured heptafluorobutyryl derivative by selective‐ion recording under electron ionization conditions. The coefficients variation...

This study investigated relationships among students' technology-related abilities, beliefs, and intentions. Participants were 217 preservice teachers who responded to post-course surveys. Value beliefs the best predictor of their intentions use a variety software regarding frequency technology with students in future classrooms. Self-efficacy for integration also contributed prediction software, technological abilities use. Constructivist moderately correlated self-efficacy value as well...

This study investigated the perspectives of elementary special education teachers regarding integrating technology into lessons. Eight at a private university laboratory school, who varied in their levels teaching experience and confidence with using technology, participated study. We interviewed each teacher three times, two interviews following our observations technology-integrated Qualitative analysis interview transcripts provided insight interrelationships among teachers’ technological...

Whole-body protein synthesis, estimated by the irreversible loss rate procedure, and hind-leg metabolism determined arterio-venous techniques were monitored in response to three nutritional conditions (approximately 0.6, 1.2 1.8 x energy maintenance (M)) ten wether lambs (33 kg average live weight). In all treatments measurements based on radiolabelled phenylalanine, but terminal procedures (five at 0.6 M five M) also included infusion of [1-13C]leucine; this permitted comparison amino acids...

Lactate metabolism was studied in mixed bacterial communities using single-stage continuous flow fermentors inoculated with faecal slurries from four different volunteers and run for 6 days at pH 5.5 6.0, carbohydrates, mainly starch, as substrates. A infusion of [U-(13) C]starch l-[3-(13) C]lactate performed on day 5 a bolus injection plus dl-lactate 6. Short-chain fatty acids lactate concentrations enrichments numbers lactate-producing -utilizing bacteria were measured. Faecal samples also...

The methodology used in this study demonstrated an effective and relatively cost- time-efficient means of studying a public telecomputing system using computer-mon itored data lengthy electronic mail survey. 72-item questionnaire was sent to random sample 600 drawn from heterogeneous population users. response rate 68%. Respondents tended be experienced computer users who the more perceived it as accessible than did nonrespondents. Keywords: collection methods, survey research, communication...

The role of insulin in the regulation muscle protein synthesis adult humans has been investigated with intravenous infusion at levels comparable those observed after normal feeding. Glucose was also infused to maintain euglycemia. Muscle measured six healthy subjects before and during glucose from incorporation L-[2H5]phenylalanine into vastus lateralis sampled by percutaneous biopsy. given as a single injection flooding amount (45 mg/kg). relatively low enrichment phenylalanine (0.005...

Social marketing has established itself as an effective technology for changing the health behaviors of individual citizens. However, people's behavior is not just determined by their own choices but also social context. An unhealthy diet, instance, may result much from poverty poor food choice, and continued use tobacco nicotine addiction rather than self-determination. needs to address these “upstream” influences if it reach its full potential, well avoid intellectual ethical criticism....

Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis rates were measured in 15 subjects with different clinical stages of postviral cirrhosis compared galactose elimination capacity aminopyrin breath test. Forty–three mg per kg body weight [2H5ring]phenylalanine an isotopic enrichment 10 atom% intravenously injected. enrichments the plasma–free phenylalanine albumin isolates by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fractional normal Child A (7.6 ± 2.2%d), but lower both B (3.5 0.8%d) C (4.5 2.8%d). Absolute...

Background: In February 2003, a comprehensive ban on tobacco promotion came into effect in the United Kingdom, which prohibited marketing through print and broadcast media, billboards, internet, direct mail, product placement, promotions, free gifts, coupons sponsorships. Objective: To investigate impact of UK’s adult smokers’ awareness UK relative to Canada, States Australia. Design: A total 6762 smokers participated two waves random digit dialled telephone survey across four countries....

Rates of protein synthesis for the liver, plasma albumin and total were quantified in sheep either offered a supra-maintenance intake or fasted 3 d. The technique continuous infusion over 12 h period was employed with simultaneous [1- 13 C]glycine, C]leucine [ 2 H 5 ]phenylalanine. Blood samples removed at timed intervals from hepatic portal veins plus aorta. Enrichments free amino acids (AA) determined all blood as protein-bound AA an apolipoprotein B100 extract. Protein-bound phenylalanine...

It is not known if the ruminant animal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can oxidise essential amino acids (AA) other than leucine. Therefore, oxidation of four AA (leucine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine), supplied systemically as labelled 1- 13 C forms, was monitored across mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV; small intestine) portal-drained (PDV; total GIT), part a 4×4 Latin square design, in wether sheep (35–45 kg) fed at 1·4 × maintenance. Oxidation assessed primarily by appearance CO 2,...

Cigarette smoking and hyperfibrinogenaemia are both significant risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Two studies described here which aimed to establish metabolic mechanism responsible raised plasma fibrinogen concentration observed in smokers. Chronic smokers had a significantly elevated absolute rate synthesis (ASR) compared with non-smokers (22.7±1.3 mg/kg per day versus 16.0±1.3 day; means±S.E.M., P &lt; 0.01), levels correlated (r = 0.65, 0.04). Unlike fibrinogen,...

In ten lambs (average live weight 33 kg), five offered 300 g/d (approximately 0.6 x maintenance; L) and 900 (1.8 H), tissue protein synthesis was measured by three procedures simultaneously. The techniques involved continuous infusion of [U-14C]phenylalanine [1-13C]leucine over 7-8 h followed a terminal large dose [15N]phenylalanine during the last 30 or 60 min. Rates were then calculated based on free amino acid oxo-acid isotopic activity in either arterial, iliac venous blood homogenate...

1. The short-term effect of oral feeding on albumin synthesis rate was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers using two meal regimens. Albumin measured over 90 min after injection a ‘flooding’ amount (43 mg/kg body weight) phenylalanine enriched to 7.5, 10 or 15 atoms% with the stable isotope [ring-2H5]phenylalanine. 2. In one set subjects, consumption five small hourly meals resulted consistent and significant increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05) fractional from mean (± SEM) fasting value 5.8...

A follow-up series of 1700 laparoscopic inguinofemoral herniorrhaphies by a single surgical team is presented (1381 patients). Two standard techniques were used: transabdominal preperitoneal (1452 cases) and totally extraperitoneal (248 cases). Mean was 5.3 years. There 348 patients with bilateral hernias, 121 recurrent 27 incarcerated hernias. Numerous technical variations used as the study progressed. SurgiPro mesh (USSC, Norwalk, CT) staple/tack fixation in all patients. Average operating...

Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of musical perception and production. Much research has focused on characterizing the deficits within this special population; however, it also important from both psychological educational perspective to determine which aspects may be subject change because will constrain theorizing about nature disorder, as well facilitating possible future remediation programs. In small‐scale study, professional singing teacher used broad‐brush...

This study evaluated the postprandial effects following consumption of buckwheat, fava bean, pea, hemp and lupin compared to meat (beef); focussing on biomarkers satiety, gut hormones, aminoacids plant metabolites bioavailability metabolism.Ten subjects (n = 3 men; n 7 women; 42 ± 11.8 years age; BMI 26 5.8 kg/m2) participated in six 1-day independent acute interventions, each meal containing 30 g protein from hemp, (beef). Blood samples were collected during 24-h VAS questionnaires over...