Heavy-ion collisions, such as Pb-Pb or p-Pb, produce extreme conditions in temperature and density that make the hadronic matter transition to a new state, called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Simulations of heavy-ion collisions provide way improve our understanding QGP's properties. These simulations are composed hybrid description results final observables agreement with accelerators like LHC RHIC. However, recent works pointed out these hydrodynamic can display acausal behavior during...

We extend our previous investigation of the effects prehydrodynamic evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions [38] to smaller systems. use a state-of-the-art hybrid model for numerical simulations with optimal parameters obtained from Bayesian study. By studying $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions, we find that due assumption conformal prehydrodynamical stage are even more important small also show this effect depends time duration pre-equilibrium stage, which...

It has been argued that the speed of sound strong interaction at high temperature can be measured using variation mean transverse momentum with particle multiplicity in ultracentral heavy-ion collisions. We test this correspondence by running hydrodynamic simulations zero impact parameter several equations state, colliding energies from 0.2 TeV to 15 per nucleon pair. The is found precise and robust for a smooth, boost-invariant fluid an ideal detector. discuss differences between setup...

An outstanding problem in heavy-ion collisions is the inability for models to accurately describe ultracentral experimental flow data, despite that being precisely regime where a hydrodynamic description should be most applicable. We reassess status of this puzzle by computing obtained from multiple recent Bayesian were tuned various observables different collision systems at typical centralities. While central data can now described with better accuracy than previous calculations, tension...

In this work we investigate the impact of intrinsic charm on prompt atmospheric neutrino flux. The color dipole approach to heavy quark production is generalized include contribution processes initiated by quarks. flux calculated assuming presence in wave function projetile hadron. predictions are compared with previous results which were obtained taking into account only process gluons. addition, estimate ($\mathrm{conventional}+\text{prompt}$) and compare our ICECUBE for astrophysical Our...

The net-baryon production at forward rapidities is investigated considering the Color Glass Condensate formalism. We assume that large energies coherence of projectile quarks lost and leading baryon mechanism changes from recombination to independent fragmentation. phenomenological implications for in $pp/pA/AA$ collisions are analysed predictions LHC presented.

We study $D$ - meson production at forward rapidities taking into account the non linear effects in QCD dynamics and intrinsic charm component of proton wave function. The total cross section, rapidity distributions Feynman $x$ are calculated for $p p$ collisions different center mass energies. Our results show that, LHC, changes a region which is beyond coverage LHCb detectors. At higher energies IC dominates $y$ $x_F$ exactly range where produced mesons decay contribute most to prompt...

The impact of the nonlinear effects in QCD on observables is directly related to magnitude saturation scale <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msub><a:mi>Q</a:mi><a:mi>s</a:mi></a:msub></a:math>, which predicted increase with energy, rapidity, and multiplicity. In this paper, we investigate <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msup><c:mi>D</c:mi><c:mn>0</c:mn></c:msup></c:math> meson production <e:math...

In this paper we use an eikonalized minijet model where the effects of first nonlinear corrections to DGLAP equations are taken into account. The contributions coming from gluon recombination included in $\mathrm{DGLAP}+\mathrm{GLRMQ}$ approach for free proton context saturation models. parameters fixed fit total $pp$ and $\overline{p}p$ cross sections, including very recent data LHC, HiRes, Pierre Auger collaborations. Glauber multiple scattering approximations then used describe inclusive...

The energy and rapidity dependence of the average transverse momentum $\ensuremath{\langle}{p}_{T}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ in $pp$ $pA$ collisions at energies currently available BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) CERN Large Hadron (LHC) are estimated using color glass condensate (CGC) formalism. We update previous predictions for ${p}_{T}$ spectra hybrid formalism CGC approach two phenomenological models dipole-target scattering amplitude. demonstrate that these able to describe RHIC...

The inclusive gluon production at midrapidities is described in the color glass condensate formalism using ${k}_{T}$-factorization formula, which was derived fixed coupling constant considering scattering of a dilute system partons with dense one. Recent analysis demonstrated that this approach provides satisfactory description experimental data for hadron $pp/pA/AA$ collisions. However, these studies are based on formula. This formula does not take into account running corrections,...

Horowitz and Kovchegov have derived a kT-factorization formula for particle production at small x which includes running coupling corrections. We perform first numerical analysis to confront the theory with data on energy centrality dependence of multiplicities midrapidity in high-energy p+A (and A+A) collisions. Moreover, we point out strikingly different multiplicity per participant Npart p+Pb vs. Pb+Pb collisions LHC energies, argue that observed behavior follows rather naturally from...

We summarize some recent ideas relating to anisotropic particle production in high-energy collisions. Anisotropic gluon distributions lead anisotropies of the single-particle azimuthal distribution and hence disconnected contributions multi-particle cumulants. When these dominate, four-particle elliptic anisotropy $c_2\{4\}$ changes sign. On other hand, connected diagrams for $m$-particle cumulants are found quickly saturate with increasing $m$, a ``coherence'' quite unlike conventional...

We discuss limiting fragmentation within a few currently popular phenomenological models. show that Glauber-inspired models of particle production in heavy ion collisions, such as the two-component model, generally fail to reproduce when all energies and system sizes experimentally available are considered. This is due energy dependence number participants collisions. quantify this violation terms model parameters. also make same calculation color glass condensate scenario saturation scale...

The production of $B$ mesons at forward rapidities is strongly sensitive to the behavior gluon and bottom distribution functions for small large values Bjorken-$x$ variable. In this exploratory study, we estimate cross-section $B^{\pm}$ meson in kinematic range probed by LHCb detector that will be analyzed future Forward Physics Facility (FPF) considering hybrid formalism, solution running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov equation distinct description function. We assume an ansatz intrinsic...

The impact of the non-linear effects in QCD dynamics on observables is directly related to magnitude saturation scale $Q_s$, which predicted increase with energy, rapidity and multiplicity. In this paper, we investigate $D^0$ meson production $pp$ collisions at forward rapidities and/or high multiplicities considering Color Glass Condensate (CGC) formalism solutions running coupling Balitsky - Kovchegov (BK) equation. contributions gluon charm initiated processes are taken into account, a...

We propose a new observable derived from centrality-dependent scaling of transverse particle spectra. By removing the global scales total number and mean momentum, we isolate shape spectrum. In hydrodynamic simulations, while multiplicity momentum fluctuate significantly, scaled spectrum is found to be almost constant even at an event-by-event level after resonance decays. This universality survives when averaging over events in each centrality bin before scaling. then investigate presence...

Abstract The production of B mesons at forward rapidities is strongly sensitive to the behavior gluon and bottom distribution functions for small large values Bjorken- x variable. In this exploratory study, we estimate cross-section $$B^{\pm }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> meson in kinematic range probed by LHCb detector that will be analyzed future Forward Physics Facility (FPF)...

Ultrarelativistic isobar collisions have been proposed as a useful tool to investigate nuclear structure. These systems are not created in equilibrium, rather they undergo pre-thermalization stage. In this stage, some of the initial structure information may be lost and additional effects introduced. The objective paper is study possibility extreme case ``free-streaming'' pre-equilibrium We do by computing estimators for ratios various measured (or measurable) quantities (elliptic triangular...

It is known that the proton overpopulated by gluons and characterized as a highly dense medium at high collision energies. From this, formation of new state matter called Color Glass Condensate (CGC) expected, an open question whether nonlinear effects predicted this are identifiable LHC. The multiplicity particles produced in hadronic presents means to adequately investigate problem. Currently, description available data for different regimes remains challenge. Even though experimental...