Metasurfaces, with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves, have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices intriguing functionalities. Tremendous endeavors been mainly devoted the static metasurfaces and metadevices, where functionalities cannot be actively tuned<italic>in situ</italic>post-fabrication. Due intrinsic advantage active tunability by external stimulus, graphene has successively demonstrated as favorable candidate empower remarkably dynamic...

Abstract Locking of longitudinal modes in laser cavities is the common path to generate ultrashort pulses. In traditional multi-wavelength mode-locked lasers, group velocities rely on lasing wavelengths due chromatic dispersion, yielding multiple trains independently evolved Here, we show that solitons at different can be synchronized inside cavity by engineering intracavity delay with a programmable pulse shaper. Frequency-resolved measurements fully retrieve fine temporal structure pulses,...

Talbot effect, characterized by the replication of a periodic optical field in specific plane, is governed diffraction and dispersion spatial temporal domains, respectively. In mode-locked lasers, effect rarely linked with soliton dynamics since longitudinal mode spacing cavity are far away from self-imaging condition. We report switchable breathing stable dissipative solitons multicolor fiber laser manipulating frequency difference neighboring spectra. The dominates emission state—in state...

Direct generation of chirp-free solitons without external compression in normal-dispersion fiber lasers is a long-term challenge ultrafast optics. We demonstrate near-chirp-free with distinct spectral sidebands hybrid-structure containing few meters polarization-maintaining fiber. The bandwidth and duration the typical mode-locked pulse are 0.74 nm 1.95 ps, respectively, giving time-bandwidth product 0.41 confirming property. Numerical results theoretical analyses fully reproduce interpret...

Abstract Coupling between modes is crucial for generating coherent structures and spatiotemporal chaos in optical systems. In an ultrafast fiber laser with birefringence, the stable pulse viewed as a vector soliton (VS) two orthogonal nonlinearly coupled through Kerr effect gain/loss. However, dynamics of VS presence linear coupling unperceived despite playing significant role various Here, it shown that local polarization lasers facilitates brand‐new nonlinear states, including stationary,...

Chirp-free solitons have been mainly achieved with anomalous-dispersion fiber lasers by the balance of dispersive and nonlinear effects, single-pulse energy is constrained within a relatively small range. Here, we report class chirp-free pulse in normal-dispersion erbium-doped lasers, termed birefringence-managed soliton, which birefringence-related phase-matching effect dominates soliton evolution. Controllable harmonic mode locking from 5 order to 85 obtained at same pump level ~10 mW...

Abstract Optical solitons emerging from fiber resonators generally possess similar properties that hinge on the system parameters. However, generation of wavepackets composed dissimilar within same laser cavity is still challenging in ultrafast lasers. Here, we report heteronuclear multicolor soliton compounds chirp-free conventional and chirped dissipative solitons, by introducing convex-concave frequency phases mode-locked In spite different lasing wavelengths, always overlap with giving...

Metafibers, by integrating metasurface at the optical fiber tip, are emerging as significant coupling platforms for nanophotonics and fiber-optic communities. Here, we propose a plasmonic metafiber converting fundamental mode to first-order in fiber, proof of device performance, demonstrate an all-fiber

Abstract Soliton molecules (SMs), ranging from the simplest soliton pairs to complex multi‐soliton patterns, serve as versatile carriers for unveiling intricate nonlinear interactions and developing advanced ultrashort laser pulses. Owing many‐body interactions, SMs composed of multiple solitons display more structures dynamics. Here, a unique type SMs, termed molecular chains (SMCs), in passively mode‐locked fiber is reported their formation mechanism—the cascaded self‐injection trapping—is...

The bound states (BSs) of solitons are found to have intriguing internal dynamics in ultrafast lasers. Here, we explore the binding mechanism and motions asymmetric state (ABS) constituted by unequal at short-range with their tails directly overlapped. Experiments simulations show that periodic energy flux between two solitons, mediated overlapped tails, gives rise a balanced separation distribution across ABS. motion mechanisms strong weak discussed detail. This work provides insights into BSs.

As an important tool in science and industry, the ultrafast fiber laser has two paradigmatic pulse regimes of single-soliton (SS) soliton molecule (SM), which have been individually researched thoroughly. However, mutual transformation between states is a fuzzy problem with significance understanding dynamics actively manipulating lasing states. Here, we reveal intermediate state that spontaneously switches SS SM without external triggering experiments simulations. Two critical processes...

Abstract Stripe solitons (SSs), the special localized wavepackets exhibiting periodic modulations, are identified in condensed matter physics and nonlinear science. Here, giant‐chirp chirp‐free SSs all‐fiber lasers demonstrated composed of single‐mode fiber polarization‐maintaining fiber. The chirp property depends on cavity dispersion while stripe period relies birefringence. Theoretical numerical results coincide with experimental findings, revealing that filtering frequency shift two...

The transitions from the incoherent noise to coherent soliton have been fully revealed in ultrafast lasers. However, transformation between different states, termed as metamorphosis, remains an attractive yet uncharted territory. Here, we reveal dynamics of metamorphosis via single-shot spectroscopy a specially designed fiber laser capable emitting fast-switchable dissipative solitons and stretched pulses. It is demonstrated that consecutive evolution process including self-phase modulation...

We demonstrate a hybrid-structure fiber laser composed of single-mode (SMF) and four-mode (FMF), capable delivering stable near-chirp-free soliton with the bandwidth 75 pm. Ascribed to spectral-domain intermodal interference, SMF-FMF cavity serves not only as ring resonator but also an intrinsic spectral filter. The wavelength narrowband is tunable within 10 nm by polarization controller. Simulation results validate experimental observations, revealing that filtering effect simultaneously...

As an arising hotspot in nonlinear science, soliton molecules are found to have intriguing internal dynamics originating from the interactions between closely spaced pulses. In dissipative systems with saturable gain and loss, molecule composed of unequal pulses is inferred be unstable due soliton-energy-quantization effect. We experimentally demonstrated stable form two long-range solitons trapped by dispersive waves, i.e., loosely bounded asymmetric molecules, numerically explored its...

Apart from stationary solitons originating wave self-organization in ultrafast lasers, pulsating have attracted lots of research interest due to their fantastic evolutionary behaviors, whose mechanisms are commonly dominated by dissipative effects such as gain, loss, and spectral filtering. Here, we demonstrate the trampolinelike soliton laser resonator conservative effects, i.e., Kerr effect dispersion. It is found that overdriven self-phase modulation induces peak-to-dip transformation...

As a universal phenomenon in nonlinear optical systems, intermittency is usually accompanied by the coherence loss such as soliton explosions fiber lasers. Based on real-time spectroscopy, we revealed coherent dissipative normal-dispersion By increasing pump strength, transforms from transient pulsation to bi-stable soliton. It demonstrated that slow-gain effect dominates intermittency. Our results provide novel insights into laser physics, offering promising approach for studying

The performances of mode-locked fiber lasers rest with the design and configuration cavity, their temporal morphologies are rarely linked modulation transverse modes. Here, we demonstrate a morphology-controllable ultrafast laser based on intracavity manipulation modes, capable producing dual-color pulses, narrowband picosecond broadband femtosecond pulses. Unlike traditional multicolor pulses unequal group velocities, pulse operates in synchronous state, displaying multipeak structure where...

Pulsating solitons are intriguing objects in laser physics and nonlinear science. Recently, emerging works on the pulsating multi-solitons have raised interest interactions synchronizations within multiple breathers. However, with their separation of order nanoseconds, evolution underlying dynamics remain uncharted. In this work, we bring initial insights into dual-soliton (PDS) a three orders magnitude pulse duration. Chaotic, synchronous, asynchronous pulsations revealed to be controlled...

Soliton molecules, composed of closely spaced pulses with strong internal interactions, have been in-depth studied in fiber lasers due to their fascinating evolution dynamics and potential applications high-speed optical communications. Here we demonstrate a type oscillating soliton molecules mode-locked laser constituted by single-mode polarization-maintaining fibers. Ascribing the unequal coupling between two orthogonal-polarized vector modes, constituent possess different intensities...

We demonstrate the fast-axis instability in mode-locked fiber lasers numerically for first time. find that energy of fast mode will be transferred to slow when strong pump strength makes soliton period short. A nearly linearly polarized vector along slow-axis could generated under certain cavity parameters. The final polarization is related initial seed pulse. Two regimes exchanging between and are explored direction flow two modes depends on phase difference. dip-type sidebands found...

Rogue wave in ultrafast fiber lasers is a hot research topic of nonlinear optics, which generally monitored at the fixed cavity positions, despite its dramatic intra-cavity evolution. The shot-to-shot statistical properties change significantly if chaotic pulse experiences strong changes along cavity, rarely considered past. Here, we simulate dynamic evolution rogue dispersion-managed laser. Attributing to temporal structure induced by dispersion, within noise-like appears limited region...

In the over-pumped dissipative system, single pulse is prone to split into multi-soliton modes, among which soliton molecule (SM) comprising two pulses has attracted much interest recently. this Letter, tight-bound SM with π-phase-difference, a pair predicted be unstable observed in fiber lasers, found have oscillating separation excellent stability. For first time, best of our knowledge, we reveal mechanism π-phase circumvent irreversible repulsion and role dispersive waves on SM. During...

The rogue wave (RW) is a persistent topic in diverse fields of science including optics, hydromechanics, and electromagnetics. Despite the extensive experimental confirmations, optical RW spectral domain still elusive aspects its origination evolutionary dynamics. Operating fiber laser noiselike pulse (NLP) state, we observe according to statistics shot-to-shot evolution. Simulations consistent with experiments reveal that spectrograms NLPs are constituted by multiple localized speckles...