Plant plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) cluster in two evolutionary subgroups, PIP1 and PIP2, with different aquaporin activities when expressed Xenopus oocytes. Maize ZmPIP1;1 ZmPIP1;2 do not increase the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf), whereas ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4, ZmPIP2;5 do. Here, we show that coexpression of nonfunctional functional or resulted an Pf was dependent on amount injected complementary RNA. Confocal analysis oocytes expressing ZmPIP1;2–green fluorescent...

• Anisohydric plants are thought to be more drought tolerant than isohydric plants. However, the molecular mechanism determining whether plant water potential during day remains constant or not regardless of evaporative demand (isohydric vs anisohydric plant) is known. Here, it was hypothesized that aquaporins take part in this threshold. Using computational mining a key tonoplast aquaporin, intrinsic protein 2;2 (SlTIP2;2), selected within large multifunctional gene family tomato (Solanum...

The hydraulic conductivity of the leaf vascular system (K(leaf) ) is dynamic and decreases rapidly under drought stress, possibly in response to stress phytohormone ABA, which increases sharply xylem sap (ABA(xyl) during periods drought. Vascular bundle-sheath cells (BSCs; a layer parenchymatous tightly enwrapping entire vasculature) have been hypothesized control K(leaf) via specific activity BSC aquaporins (AQPs). We examined this hypothesis provide evidence for drought-induced ABA(xyl)...

Summary Stomata, composed of two guard cells, are the gates whose controlled movement allows plant to balance demand for CO 2 photosynthesis with loss water through transpiration. Increased guard‐cell osmolarity leads opening stomata and decreased causes close. The role sugars in regulation is not yet clear. In this study, we examined hexokinase ( HXK ), a sugar‐phosphorylating enzyme involved sugar‐sensing, cells its effect on stomatal aperture. We show here that increased expression...

Abstract Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; C3) plants increase their water use efficiency (WUE) under abiotic stress and are suggested to show characteristics of C4 photosynthesis in stems, petioles, transmitting tract cells. The tobacco stress-induced Aquaporin1 (NtAQP1) functions as both CO2 channel. In plants, overexpression NtAQP1 increases leaf net (AN), mesophyll conductance, stomatal whereas its silencing reduces root hydraulic conductivity (Lp). Nevertheless, interaction between activities...

Leaf-moving organs, remarkable for the rhythmic volume changes of their motor cells, served as a model system in which to study regulation membrane water fluxes. Two plasma intrinsic protein homolog genes, SsAQP1 and SsAQP2, were cloned from these organs characterized aquaporins Xenopus laevis oocytes. Osmotic permeability (Pf) was 10 times higher SsAQP2-expressing oocytes than SsAQP1-expressing found be glycerol permeable, SsAQP2 inhibited by 0.5 mM HgCl2 1 phloretin. The aquaporin mRNA...

Understanding how different plants prioritize carbon gain and drought vulnerability under a variable water supply is important for predicting which trees will maximize woody biomass production environmental conditions. Here, Populus balsamifera (BS, isohydric genotype), P. simonii (SI, previously uncharacterized stomatal behaviour), their cross, x (BSxSI, anisohydric genotype) were studied to assess the physiological basis accumulation water-use efficiency across range of availabilities....

Previous studies have shown that reduced gibberellin (GA) level or signal promotes plant tolerance to environmental stresses, including drought, but the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. Here we studied effects of levels active GAs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) drought as well responsible for these effects. To reduce GAs, generated transgenic overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana GA METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 (AtGAMT1) gene. AtGAMT1 encodes an enzyme catalyses methylation generate inactive...

Summary We present a simple and effective high‐throughput experimental platform for simultaneous continuous monitoring of water relations in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum numerous plants under dynamic environmental conditions. This system provides simultaneously measured, detailed physiological response profile each plant array, over time periods ranging from few minutes to entire growing season, normal, stress recovery conditions at any phenological stage. Three probes pot array...

Forest trees use various strategies to cope with drought stress and these involve complex molecular mechanisms. Pinus halepensis Miller (Aleppo pine) is found throughout the Mediterranean basin one of most drought-tolerant pine species. In order decipher mechanisms that P. uses withstand drought, we performed large-scale physiological transcriptome analyses. We selected a mature tree from semi-arid area suboptimal growth conditions for clonal propagation through cuttings. then used...

Abstract Our understanding of the cellular role aquaporins (AQPs) in regulation whole-plant hydraulics, general, and extravascular, radial hydraulic conductance leaves (Kleaf), particular, is still fairly limited. We hypothesized that AQPs vascular bundle sheath (BS) cells regulate Kleaf. To examine this hypothesis, AQP genes were silenced using artificial microRNAs expressed constitutively or specifically targeted to BS. MicroRNA sequences designed target all five from PLASMA...

Increasing worldwide demand for food, feed and fuel presents a challenge in light of limited resources climatic challenges. Breeding stress tolerance drought tolerance, particular, is one the most challenging tasks facing breeders. The comparative screening immense numbers plant gene candidates their interactions with environment represents major bottleneck this process. We suggest four key components to be considered pre-field screens (phenotyping) complex traits under conditions: (i)...

Arabidopsis ( thaliana ) hexokinase AtHXK1 encodes a dual-function enzyme that mediates sugar sensing in addition to its involvement hexose phosphorylation activity, thereby coordinating availability with plant physiology and development ([Moore et al., 2003][1]; [Rolland

Rapid RNA extraction is commonly performed with commercial kits, which are very expensive and can involve toxic reagents. Most of these kits be used healthy plant tissues, but do not produce consistently high-quality from necrotic fungus-infected tissues or fungal mycelium.We report on the development a rapid relatively inexpensive method for total plants as well insects fungi, based guanidine hydrochloride buffer common DNA columns originally purification plasmids cosmids.The proposed...

Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in sugar-sensing. It has recently been shown that HXK guard cells mediates stomatal closure and coordinates photosynthesis with transpiration the annual species tomato Arabidopsis. To examine role of control movement perennial plants, we generated citrus plants express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) under KST1, cell-specific promoter. The expression KST1 verified using GFP as reporter gene. AtHXK1 reduced conductance no negative effect...