Abstract Decades of research have illuminated the underlying ingredients that determine scope evolutionary responses to climate change. The field biology therefore stands ready take what it has learned about influences upon rate adaptive evolution—such as population demography, generation time, and standing genetic variation—and apply assess if how populations can evolve fast enough “keep pace” with Here, our review highlights contribute still needs learn provide more mechanistic predictions...

Anthropogenic climate change and invasive species are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, affecting survival, fitness distribution many around globe. Invasive often expected have broad thermal tolerance, be highly plastic, or high adaptive potential when faced with novel environments. Tropical island ectotherms vulnerable as they narrow tolerance limited plasticity. In Fiji, only one endemic bee, Homalictus fijiensis, is commonly found in lowland regions, but bee species, Braunsapis...

Species assemblages constrained by ecological and evolutionary processes (and the interactions between them) are vulnerable to changes in their environment. Network analyses do not explicitly build phylogenetic histories when exploring how they assembled, yet can be a critical source of information for understanding species may incorporated into webs. Recent studies have revealed unexpected diversity monophyletic clade native Fijian bees subgenus Lasioglossum (Homalictus). These undergone...

Few observations are more indelible in ecology than widespread variation the spatial and temporal occurrence of species. Although mechanistic underpinnings such likely multifarious, temperature is argued to be a key driver. Understanding how shapes species ranges seasonal activity not only provides insights into historical biogeographic patterns, but also legacies adaptation climate impact responses recent change. Butterflies serve as model taxon for both areas research. For example,...

Temperature and water availability are hypothesised to be important drivers of the evolution metabolic rates gas exchange patterns, respectively. Specifically, cold adaptation hypothesis (MCA) predicts that environments select for faster temperature specific counter thermodynamics biochemical reactions, while hygric dry discontinuous reduce loss. Although these two hypotheses consider different physiological traits how they vary along abiotic gradients, rate drives frequency in insects...

Abstract Determining the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that underpin patterns of species richness across elevational gradients is a key question in ecology, can help to understand extinction risk under changing climates. In tropical montane islands Fiji, there are 28 endemic bee subgenus Lasioglossum ( Homalictus ), where increases with elevation despite decreasing land surface (habitat) areas. We used combination spatially explicit phylogenetic diversity analyses trait examine...

Abstract Species are often expected to shift their distributions either poleward or upslope evade warming climates and colonise new suitable climatic niches. However, from 18‐years of fixed transect monitoring data on 88 species butterfly in the midwestern United States, we show that butterflies shifting centroids all directions, except towards regions fastest (southeast). Butterflies shifted at a mean rate 4.87 km year −1 . The centroid was significantly associated with local climate change...

Abstract The response of bees to changing environmental temperatures has implications for pollination in natural and agricultural systems, with rising average increased stochasticity predicted cause pollinator population declines. A growing body evidence the role native crop suggests that understanding at which are active is important maintaining productivity under climate change. This study used two methods sample strawberry farms south‐eastern Australia, matching activity observations...

Physiological traits are often used for vulnerability assessments of organismal responses to climate change. Trait values can change dramatically over the life cycle organisms but typically assessed at a single developmental stage. Reconciling ontogenetic changes in physiological with reveals early life-stage vulnerabilities. The degree which due body mass development versus stage-specific determines be as proxy vulnerability. Here, we use painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, test two...

During the last 150 years, incursions of non-native species have been prevalent throughout South West Pacific. The allodapine bee, Braunsapis puangensis (Cockerell) (Xylocopinae: Allodapini), was introduced to Fiji between 1965 and 2003, most likely from India. Until very recently, little known about its dispersal ability subsequent geographical spread across Fiji. Our study greatly increases records B. Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island, as well surrounding islands including Vanua Taveuni...

Abstract Rate of colour change and background matching capacity are important functional traits for avoiding predation hiding from prey. Acute changes in environmental temperature known to impact the rate at which animals colour, therefore may affect their survival. Many ectotherms have ability acclimate performance such as locomotion, metabolic growth with seasonal temperature. However, it remains unclear how other that directly linked behaviour survival respond long‐term (within an...

Abstract Recent studies suggest an alarming decline in pollinators across many regions of the world due to multiple factors. One potential factor is climate change, which poses both direct and indirect threats pollinator populations. To help ameliorate impact declining populations on function ecological agricultural systems, there a need identify species that may adapt limit magnitude this pollination deficit. The South West Pacific has highly depauperate endemic bee diversity numerous...

Thermal physiology changes as organisms grow and develop, but we do not understand what causes these ontogenetic shifts. According to the theory of oxygen- capacity-limited thermal tolerance, an organism's heat tolerance should change throughout ontogeny its ability deliver oxygen varies. As insects during instar, their metabolic demand increases without a proportional increase in size tracheae that supply tissues. If delivery limits mismatch between make more susceptible hypoxia they...

1. Climatic factors are known to mediate the expression of social behaviors. Likewise, variation in behavior can dictate climate responses. Understanding interactions between and sociality is crucial for predicting impacts change on animal populations.

The resilience of ecosystem function under global climate change is governed by individual species vulnerabilities and the functional groups they comprise. Yet it remains unclear whether that contribute to different processes which underpin exhibit differential vulnerability change. We used existing thermal physiological trait data across a range terrestrial examine key (e.g. decomposers, primary producers, pollinators, primary, secondary tertiary consumers). found producers had broadest...

Aim: We aimed to understand the sublethal impacts of climate change on native bee ecology. evaluated how flight performance, a key trait for predator escape, dispersal, and pollination, is impacted by temperature. species geographic ranges shape thermal performance curves (TPCs), estimate vulnerability further warming. Location: Australia. Time period: Present. Major taxa studied: Stingless bees. Methods: tested speed acceleration two stingless bees, Austroplebeia australis Tetragonula...

ABSTRACT Coadaptation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes is essential for proper cellular function. When populations become isolated, theory predicts that they should maintain mito‐nuclear coadaptation in each population, even as diverge genotype. Mito‐nuclear incompatibilities may therefore arise when individuals from with divergent co‐evolved gene sets are re‐united hybridise, contributing to selection against inter‐population hybrids and, potentially, speciation. Here, we explored genetic...

Butterflies serve as key indicators of climate change impacts such shifts in emergence timing and geographic range distribution. However, the development commonly used ecological forecasts based on butterfly physiological tolerance temperature has lagged behind that other taxonomic groups. Here, we provide a series related datasets comprising thermal traits to enable forecasts. We compiled data from literature heat cold (critical maxima minima) for 117 species well resistance (knockdown...