cognitive radio is the solution for effectively utilizing underutilized spectrum.There are many techniques to sense spectrum using radios like matched filter detection, energy waveform based cyclostationary feature detection and so on.In this paper comparative analysis of two popular i.e. (ED) (CFD) discussed.Analysis carried out by discussing theoretical aspect both supported simulation graphs plots.This shows that among discussed CFD better results.

Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large no sensor nodes deployed inside physical environment that are capable sensing and processing the data related to communicating it over network. One vital applications WSN is its suitability smart cities consist many features such as buildings, education, governance, security, mobility. This paper focuses on calculating shortest path from source node destination in by means Dijkstra’s Algorithm. Various other algorithms also...

Transmission line construction is one of the most complex engineering projects, and routing a may be more difficult than siting any other public infrastructure. The system now used by utilities time consuming often does not produce satisfactory results. Actual large transmission can completed in year or two, but due to approval procedure, opposition from various groups, it take years complete line, some cases projects are stopped altogether. geographic information (GIS) already several ways...

Background: A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number sensor nodes deployed randomly over an area that can sense the surrounding environment to gather some data and interconnect wireless channel share information with neighboring or users internet. WSN has wide range applications in field military, healthcare, industry, agriculture, livestock farming, smart cities. The pertinence defense, industry is discussed detail background section this paper. Objective: objective paper...