We report a miniaturized fiber inline Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), with an open micro-notch cavity fabricated by one-step fs laser micromachining, for highly sensitive refractive index measurement. The device was tested measurement of the indices various liquids including isopropanol, acetone and methanol at room temperature, as well temperature-dependent deionized water from 3 to 90 degrees C. sensitivity change 1163 nm/RIU wavelength 1550 nm. temperature cross-sensitivity about...

The two-temperature model has been widely used to predict the electron and phonon temperature distributions in ultrashort laser processing of metals. However, estimations some important thermal optical properties existing are limited low fluences which temperatures much lower than Fermi temperature. This paper extends high by using full-run quantum treatments calculate significantly varying properties, including heat capacity, relaxation time, conductivity, reflectivity, absorption...

We report a miniaturized inline Fabry-Perot interferometer directly fabricated on single-mode optical fiber with femtosecond laser. The device had loss of 16 dB and an interference visibility exceeding 14 dB. was tested survived in high temperatures up to 1100 degrees C. With accessible cavity all-glass structure, the new is attractive for sensing applications high-temperature harsh environments.

Post growth thermal annealing has been used to reduce the defect density of GaAs layers grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy indicates a 100× reduction true density. Twins and stacking faults were eliminated entirely. Most misfit dislocations confined within first ∼150 Å layer formed regular narrow network along Si/GaAs interface. Similar results obtained from an ion implanted annealed specimen.

Risk factors driving sex disparity in esophageal cancer are unclear. Recent molecular evidence suggests hormonal factors. We conducted a national descriptive epidemiological study to assess the hypothesis that estrogen exposure could explain male predominance observed adenocarcinoma incidence. analyzed incidence trends by histology and from 1973 2008 nine population-based registries of Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) 9 Registry Database. used age as proxy for females. The...

Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the heat transfer, fluid flow, keyhole dynamics during a pulsed laser welding. A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed. In model, continuum formulation was used handle solid phase, liquid mushy zone melting solidification processes. The volume-of-fluid method employed free surfaces. enthalpy for latent heat. Laser absorptions (Inverse Bremsstrahlung Fresnel absorption) thermal radiation by plasma in all considered...

Porosity has been frequently observed in solidified, deep penetration pulsed laser welds. is detrimental to weld quality. Our previous study shows that porosity formation welding associated with the pool dynamics, keyhole collapse, and solidification processes. The objective of this paper use mathematical models systematically investigate transport phenomena leading find possible solutions reduce or eliminate welding. results indicate caused by two competing factors: one rate molten metal...

Thermal conductivity of interfacial layers is an essential parameter for determining how the ordered liquid layering around particle-liquid interface contributes to unusual high thermal nanofluids. However, so far there no experimental data regarding this parameter. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations inhomogeneous Au-Ar system in which solid-liquid interactions are assumed be much stronger than liquid-liquid interactions, we show explicitly that a 1-nm-thick layer 1.6 ∼ 2.5...

Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity levels are the critical cultivation factors for freshwater aquaculture. This paper proposes a novel wireless multi-sensor system by integrating DO, EC sensors with an ESP 32 Wi-Fi module monitoring water quality of aquaculture, which acquires sensing data information directly derived from level. The EC, was displayed in ThingSpeak IoT platform visualized user-friendly manner ThingView APP. Firstly, these...