A5035331850- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Design Education and Practice
- Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Psychological and Educational Research Studies
New York University
2016-2025
University of Liverpool
2024
Institute of Education Sciences
2023
University of Tübingen
2023
University of Arizona
2023
Trinity College
2023
Columbia University
2023
Yale University
2023
Allen Institute for Brain Science
2023
NYU Langone Health
2021-2022
The only evidence-based behavioral treatment for anxiety and stress-related disorders involves desensitization techniques that rely on principles of extinction learning. However, 40% patients do not respond to this treatment. Efforts have focused individual differences in response, but examined when, during development, such treatments may be most effective. We fear-extinction learning across development mice humans. Parallel studies revealed attenuated adolescence. Probing neural circuitry...
Cross-species studies enable rapid translational discovery and produce the broadest impact when both mechanism phenotype are consistent across organisms. We developed a knock-in mouse that biologically recapitulates common human mutation in gene for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (C385A; rs324420), primary catabolic enzyme endocannabinoid anandamide. This polymorphism impacts expression activity of FAAH, thereby increasing anandamide levels. Here, we show genetic variant allele carriers...
Theoretical models distinguish two decision-making strategies that have been formalized in reinforcement-learning theory. A model-based strategy leverages a cognitive model of potential actions and their consequences to make goal-directed choices, whereas model-free evaluates based solely on reward history. Research adults has begun elucidate the psychological mechanisms neural substrates underlying these learning processes factors influence relative recruitment. However, developmental...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to test whether odorants induce activation in the cerebellum of human. The vanillin and propionic acid both induced significant activation, primarily posterior lateral hemispheres. Activation concentration-dependent, greater after stimulation with higher concentration odorants. By contrast, action sniffing nonodorized air anterior cerebellum, central lobule. These findings demonstrate that plays a role human olfaction. A hypothesis is proposed...
Research employing aversive conditioning paradigms has elucidated the neurocircuitry involved in acquiring and diminishing fear responses. However, factors underlying individual differences acquisition inhibition are not presently well understood. In this study, we explored whether magnitude of individuals' acquired responses modulation these via 2 reduction methods were correlated with structural brain regions affective processing. Physiological magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from...
Patients with anxiety disorders often experience a relapse in symptoms after exposure therapy. Similarly, threat responses acquired during Pavlovian conditioning return extinction learning. Accordingly, there is need for alternative methods to persistently reduce responding. Studies rodents have suggested that exercising behavioral control over an aversive stimulus can diminish responses, and these effects are mediated by the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum. In this fMRI...
As individuals learn through trial and error, some are more influenced by good outcomes, while others weight bad outcomes heavily. Such valence biases may also influence memory for past experiences. Here, we examined whether asymmetries in reinforcement learning change across adolescence, individual bias the content of subsequent memory. Participants ages 8–27 learned values ‘point machines,’ after which their trial-unique images presented with choice was assessed. Relative to children...
Across the lifespan, individuals frequently choose between exploiting known rewarding options or exploring unknown alternatives. A large body of work has suggested that children may explore more than adults. However, because novelty and reward uncertainty are often correlated, it is unclear how they differentially influence decision-making across development. Here, children, adolescents, adults (ages 8-27 years,
EEG and behavioural evidence suggests that air-borne chemicals can affect the nervous system without being consciously detected. behaviour, however, do not specify which brain structures are involved in chemical sensing occurs below a threshold of conscious detection. Here we used functional MRI to localize activation induced by high low concentrations compound oestra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3yl acetate. Following presentations both concentrations, eight subjects reported verbally they could...
Growing evidence suggests serotonin's role in anxiety and depression is mediated by its effects on learned fear associations. Pharmacological genetic manipulations of serotonin signaling mice alter the retention extinction learning, which inversely associated with anxious temperament humans. Here, we test whether variation form a common human transporter polyadenylation polymorphism (STPP/rs3813034) spontaneous recovery after extinction. We show that risk allele this impaired memory...
In a dynamic environment, sources of threat or safety can unexpectedly change, requiring the flexible updating stimulus-outcome associations that promote adaptive behavior. However, aversive contexts in which we are required to update predictions often marked by stress. Acute stress is thought reduce behavioral flexibility, yet its influence on modulation value has not been well characterized. Given exposure prominent risk factor for anxiety and trauma-related disorders persistent,...
Reinforcement learning theory distinguishes "model-free" learning, which fosters reflexive repetition of previously rewarded actions, from "model-based" recruits a mental model the environment to flexibly select goal-directed actions. Whereas model-free is evident across development, recruitment model-based appears increase with age. However, cognitive processes underlying development remain poorly characterized. Here, we examined whether age-related differences in construction and flexible...
For years, adult psychological research has benefitted from web-based data collection. There is growing interest in harnessing this approach to facilitate collection children and adolescents address foundational questions about cognitive development. To date, however, few studies have directly tested whether findings in-lab developmental psychology tasks can be replicated online, particularly the domain of value-based learning decision-making. question, we set up a pipeline for online with...