With the development of urban and rural infrastructure, power system is enforced to operate nearly at its full capacity which result in heavily stressed grid operation, greater loss, peak generation, security threat instability electrical network. The performance legacy electric network can be enhanced by solving optimal reactive dispatch (ORPD) problems such as, tuning voltages, transformers tap setting, capacitor bank rating, allocation sizing flexible AC transmission (FACTS) through...

Abstract We investigate the thermodynamic properties and Joule–Thomson expansion for conical or BTZ-like black holes. To analyze thermal stability, we discuss temperature stability relative to horizon radius different values of model parameters $$\beta _0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> $$\alpha _2$$ <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> . Moreover, thermodynamical geometries like Ruppeiner,...

In fact, optimal RPD is one of the most critical optimization matters related to electrical power stability and operation. The minimization overall real losses obtained by adjusting systems control variables, for instance; generator voltage, compensated reactive tap changing transformer. this search, a new heuristic computing method named as fractional particle swarm gravitational search algorithm (FPSOGSA) presented introducing derivative velocity term in standard mechanism. designed...

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problems in system have been solved by using several variants of traditional nature inspired particle swam optimization (PSO) with aim to achieve a promising solution for given objective such as line loss, voltage deviation and overall cost minimization. Several schemes designed improve the performance technique tunning operational variables analyzed evaluating final results. In this article, different method is solve ORPD problems, introducing Shannon...

Reactive power dispatch is a vital problem in the operation, planning and control of system for obtaining fixed economic load expedition. An optimal reduces grid congestion through minimization active loss. This strategy involves adjusting transformer tap settings, generator voltages reactive sources, such as flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS). The improves security, voltage profile, transfer capability overall network efficiency. In present work, fractional...

Abstract We investigate the weak gravitational lensing caused by multi-horizon black hole (MHBH) on light. Using Gauss-Bonnet theorem, which demonstrates that light bending is a topological and global phenomenon, we are able to deduce deflection angle of in field limits. First, use theorem estimate Gaussian optical curvature determine MHBH for spherically balanced spacetime. Further, evaluate within plasma medium framework. Likewise, impact non-plasma clearly illustrate dynamics multi-horizons hole.

The protection system has a vital role in subsystems of the power network including generation, transmission and distribution system. This combines several types relays directional over current relay, differential distance earth faults inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) relay for line, generators bus bars, transformers, line to ground feeder lines In this research paper, overall performance is improved by reducing operational (DOCRs) through optimal coordination between primary backup...

The implication of Ruppeiner thermodynamic geometry theory to spherically symmetric black holes in anti--de Sitter (AdS) spacetime produces an unavoidable singularity the line element geometry. occurs due nonindependence volume and entropy (BH) AdS spacetime. In this work, we present efficient easy approach deal BH Einstein-Maxwell-scalars theory. We show that enthalpy instead internal energy is central quantity. develop particular forms different phase spaces. find out curvatures spaces are...

This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole solution in de Rham--Gabadadze--Tolley massive gravity. Firstly, we consider the negative cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure. We extract thermodynamical properties such Hawking temperature, heat capacity and Gibbs free energy using Barrow entropy. also obtain new pressure associated to perfect fluid dark matter discuss first-order van der Waals-like phase transition. hole's stability is investigated through specific energy....

Optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) intended for reducing the real losses of transmission scheme remains one supreme concerns research community to explore competence schemes. Numerous systems have been deliberate increase performance optimization method in tunning operational variables as well explored through estimating final results. The offering a novel approach based on entropy evolution technique implemented into Fractional PSOGSA algorithm solve optimal problem. To alleviate...

Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is the vital concern of network operators in planning and management electrical systems to reduce real reactive losses transmission distribution system order augment overall efficiency network. The principle objective ORPD problem explore best setting decision variables such as rating shunt capacitors, output voltage generators tap transformers diminish line loss, improve profile index (VPI) operating cost minimization standard while keeping within...

Thermodynamics of charged and slowly rotating black holes in 4D Gauss–Bonnet gravity has attracted a great deal attention due to its intrinsic complications rich phase structures. In this paper, we revisit the thermodynamics provide correct thermodynamic volume entropy. Thermodynamic geometries are powerful tool study microstructure holes. Based on Hessian matrix hole mass, introduce geometric methods give scalar curvature (Ruppeiner Weinhold). Furthermore, investigate Joule–Thomson...

We study the weak gravitational lensing effect of Non-Bocharova-Bronnikov-Melnikov-Bekenstein (BBMB) black hole in new massive conformal gravity. analyze deflection angle light caused by gravity using Gauss-Bonnet theorem. As a consequence, we obtain Gaussian optical curvature and calculate for spherically balanced space-time with The resultant field limits showing that bending is global topological phenomenon. Furthermore, identify framework plasma medium, also demonstrate medium on non...

Reactive power dispatch (RPD) in electric systems, integrated with renewable energy sources, is gaining popularity among engineers because of its vital importance the planning, designing, and operation advanced systems. The goal RPD to upgrade system performance by minimizing transmission line losses, enhancing voltage profiles, reducing total operating costs tuning decision variables such as transformer tap setting, generator’s terminal voltages, capacitor size. But complex, non-linear,...

This paper explores the influence of special type higher order generalized uncertainty principle on thermodynamics five-dimensional black hole in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics. We examine corrected thermodynamical properties with some interesting limiting cases [Formula: see text] and compared our results usual relations. observe that GUP correction stabilizes BH solution remains physical throughout region horizon radius. In this framework, we also...

Black hole's quasinormal frequencies are basically the complex numbers which provide information about relaxation of perturbations and depend on characteristics spacetime types perturbations. In this paper, we evaluate modes Hayward black hole in Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity, anti-de Sitter space (AdS) spacetime, 4-dimensional Einstein-Lovelock gravity. By utilizing WKB resonance technique, examine $\omega$ by shifting charge parameter $Q$ (it is also identified with cosmological constant),...