The static strength of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by gluing glass‐fiber‐reinforced‐plastic (GFRP) plates to their tension flanges is experimentally investigated. Five rectangular and one T‐beam were tested failure under four‐point bending. measured load versus strain in GFRP plate, steel rebar, extreme compression fiber concrete, the deflection for section at midspan are plotted compared predicted values. results indicate that flexural RC can be significantly increased face. In...

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The results of an experimental and analytical study the behavior damaged or understrength concrete beams retrofitted with thin carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets are presented. CFRP epoxy bonded to tension face web enhance their flexural shear strengths. effect on strength stiffness is considered for various orientations fibers respect axis beam. Nineteen were fabricated, loaded beyond cracking strength, three different systems. subsequently failure. Different modes failure gain...

Analytical models based on the compatibility of deformations and equilibrium forces are presented to predict stresses in concrete beams strengthened with fiber composite plates epoxy‐bonded tension face beams. The given for having rectangular T cross sections. A parametric study is conducted investigate effects design variables such as plate area, stiffness strength, compressive steel reinforcement ratio. moment versus curvature diagrams various combinations these plotted compared. results...

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Abstract The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Version 3.2 Analysis provides globally complete analyses of surface precipitation on a 0.5° × latitude–longitude grid at both monthly and daily time scales, covering from 1983 to the present June 2000 present, respectively. These merged products continue GPCP heritage incorporating estimates low-orbit satellite microwave data, geosynchronous-orbit infrared sounder-based estimates, rain gauge observations emphasizing strengths...

Abstract. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of long short-term memory (LSTM) machine-learning-based modeling to outperform traditional spatially lumped process-based approaches for streamflow prediction. However, due mainly structural complexity LSTM network (which includes gating operations and sequential processing data), difficulties can arise when interpreting internal processes weights in model. Here, we propose test a modification architecture that is calibrated manner...

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This paper presents the results of experimental studies on reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites under combination axial load and bending moment. A total seven large-scale specimens rectangular cross section (200 mm×300 mm) were prepared tested eccentric compressive loading up to failure. The overall length two haunched heads was 2,700 mm. Different FRP thicknesses two, three, five layers; fiber orientations 0°, 45°, 90°;...

Abstract Accurate mapping of snow amount in the mountains is critical as mountain snowpacks are water supply for millions people. Satellite remote sensing has been largely unable to reliably detect snowpack these areas. Recently, C‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from Sentinel‐1 (S1) satellites have shown potential measuring depth mountains. However, their spatiotemporal coverage incomplete, and evaluation with robust, aerial limited. Here, we evaluate two S1 datasets some best...

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings perform poorly under seismic forces and have been identified as the main cause of loss life in recent earthquakes. Many these structures fail out-of-plane bending due to lack reinforcement. In this study, experimental results from three half-scale unreinforced brick walls retrofitted with vertical composite strips are presented. The specimens were subjected cyclic loading. Five reinforcement ratios two different glass fabric densities investigated. mode...

To develop design guidelines for bond of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) rebars to concrete, a total 102 specimens were constructed and tested subjected monotonic static loading. The research program was inclusive the experimental testing 48 beam specimens, 18 pull-out 36 hooked rebar specimens. tensile load applied in gradual increment level until splitting failure, or fracture occurred. slip between concrete measured at loaded free ends each level. Variables included study...

A large inventory of older masonry buildings exists in earthquake-prone regions. In most cases these contain shear walls constructed unreinforced masonry. The majority were built before any provisions for earthquake loadings established. failures and damages reported recent earthquakes attest to the need efficient strengthening procedures. effectiveness increasing strength brick by epoxy-bonding fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) overlays exterior surfaces was evaluated. variables test included...

Wildfire is a major concern worldwide and particularly in Australia. The 2019–2020 wildfires Australia became historically significant as they were widespread extremely severe. Linking climate vegetation settings to can provide insightful information for wildfire prediction, help better understand behavior the future. goal of this research was examine relationship between recent wildfires, various hydroclimatological variables, satellite-retrieved indices. analyses performed here show...

Abstract Precipitation retrieval is a challenging topic, especially in high latitudes (HL), and current precipitation products face ample challenges over these regions. This study investigates the potential of Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for snowfall HL using CloudSat radar information machine learning (ML). With all known limitations, AVHRR observations should be considered because (1) data have been continuously collected about four decades on multiple platforms with...

Accurate and timely estimation of precipitation is critical for issuing hazard warnings (e.g., flash floods or landslides). Current remotely sensed products have a few hours latency, associated with the acquisition processing satellite data. By applying robust nowcasting system to these products, it (in principle) possible reduce this latency improve their applicability, value, impact. However, development such complicated by chaotic nature atmosphere, consequent rapid changes that can occur...

Abstract Access to spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation is needed in many hydrological applications. However, gauges often have gaps. To mitigate this, we considered three main approaches: (i) using remotely sensing and reanalysis products; (ii) machine learning-based approaches; (iii) a gap-filling software explicitly developed for filling the gaps daily records. This study evaluated all approaches over sparsely gauged basin East Africa. Among examined products, PERSIANN-CDR...

In this study, treated eggplant peel was used as an adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ from aqueous solution. For purpose batch adsorption experiments were performed for investigating the effect of contact time, pH, dose, solute concentrations, and temperature. order assess adsorbent’s physical chemical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy used. The results showed that parameters reaching maximum removal found be time...

Abstract Accurate quantification of snowfall rate from space is important but has remained difficult. Four years (2007–2010) NOAA‐18 Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) data are trained and tested with estimates coincident CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) observations using several machine learning methods. Among the studied methods, random forest MHS (RF‐MHS) found to be best for both detection estimation global snowfall. The RF‐MHS independent CPR compared rates Modern‐Era Retrospective...

Abstract. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) machine learning based modeling to outperform traditional spatially lumped process-based approaches for streamflow prediction. However, due mainly structural complexity LSTM network (which includes gating operations and sequential processing data), difficulties can arise when interpreting internal processes weights in model. Here, we propose test a modification architecture that represents system manner...