From the early scanning spectrometers, utility field spectroscopy has been constrained: by detector sensitivity, leading to high integration times; portability; and measurements having very limited support (possibly an Earth surface area in order of 0.25m² 2m²). However, over last twenty years or so sensitivities electronics have improved practical sampling time increasing their observation science as optical remote sensing teaching training tools. Now uncertainties...

Intracellular imaging is a key tool in the investigation of host-pathogen interactions. Advances this area are particularly sought to understand effect viral infection processes on host cell and its metabolic functions including those cases where lipid metabolism modulated as result infection. We demonstrate use combined coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) two-photon fluorescence microscopies image fibroblast cells infected by cytomegalovirus. CARS used membrane, droplets morphology...

Solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) emitted from plant canopies is now retrievable space. In addition, SIF also routinely measured fixed tower platforms. However there a scale gap between temporally continuous measurements and spatially coarse satellite retrievals that being bridged by drone technology. Drone of can be used to help unravel the structural species component dependencies occur across space on meters in heterogeneous vegetation types. Also when flown at sufficient...

We report the development of a differential absorption lidar instrument (DIAL) designed and built specifically for measurement anthropogenic greenhouse gases in atmosphere. The DIAL is integrated into commercial astronomical telescope to provide high-quality receiver optics enable automated scanning three-dimensional acquisition. portable can be set up within few hours field. laser source pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO) which outputs light at wavelength tunable near 1.6 μm. This...

In the quest for a better understanding of climate change, greater importance is attached to monitoring levels atmospheric carbon dioxide gain an improved knowledge sources and sinks. Remote sensing critical tool in this research area differential absorption lidar (DIAL) one important technique. The laser component DIAL instrument. This paper describes development source detection measurement dioxide.

We have performed multimodal imaging of live fibroblast cells infected by murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV). The infection process was monitored the two-photon fluorescence signal from a GFP-expressing strain mCMV, whilst changes to lipid droplet configuration were observed CARS imaging. This allowed us identify three visually distinct stages infection. Quantitative analysis number and size distributions obtained cells, which showed significant perturbations across different images acquired...

The paper presents two procedures for the wavelength calibration, in oxygen telluric absorption spectral bands (O2-A, λc = 687 nm and O2-B, 760.6 nm), of field fixed-point spectrometers used reflectance Sun-induced fluorescence measurements. In first case, Ne Ar pen-type lamps were employed, while second approach is based on a double monochromator setup. system was characterized estimation errors associated with different operating configurations. proposed methods applied to three Piccolo...

Using hollow waveguide hybrid optical integration, a miniaturized mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer for 13CO2/12CO2 isotopologue ratio analysis is presented. The analyzer described focuses on applications where samples contain few percent of CO2, such as breath and characterization geo-carbon fluxes, miniaturization facilitates deployment. As part the design, mode coupling propagation analyzed to inform arrangement integrated system. encapsulated system occupies volume 158 × 60 30...

A miniature thermal infrared laser heterodyne spectro-radiometer based on hybrid optical integration is demonstrated. quantum cascade emitting at 953 cm −1 (10.5 μm) used as the local oscillator. Integration achieved using hollow waveguides inscribed in a copper substrate, with slot-encapsulated components positioned to maintain fundamental mode coupling. The demonstrator performances are studied laboratory and show noise level within 1.6 times of ideal case. Atmospheric high-resolution...

Abstract. Solar induced chlorophyll a fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be an excellent proxy of photosynthesis at multiple scales. However, the mechanical linkages between and leaf level cannot directly applied canopy or field scales, as larger scale SIF emission depends on structure. This is especially true for forest canopies characterized by high horizontal vertical heterogeneity. While most current studies radiative transfer in plant are based assumption homogeneous canopy, recently...

Cities today have two major environmental concerns – carbon emissions and air quality. Global levels are increasing cities require to show plans tackle reduce the amount of which they emitting. At present in urban areas calculated rather than measured. In some where industrial activity is not intensive, contributors burning fuel for heating from vehicles. Air quality a direct impact on human health under increased pressure demonstrate control pollution. Of great importance way emissions,...

Lidar is a valuable tool for atmospheric monitoring, allowing range-resolved profile measurements of variety quantities including aerosols, wind, pollutants and greenhouse gases. We report here the development versatile fielddeployable instrument monitoring lower troposphere. This region includes effects surface–atmosphere interactions an area where resolution satellite data generally poor. Our has been designed with goal making gases such as carbon dioxide, well probing structure boundary...

Developments in lidar have been driven largely by improvements two key technologies: lasers and detectors. We describe here a instrument for atmospheric remote sensing using the elastic-backscatter differential-absorption (DIAL) techniques. The features an all-solid-state laser source combined with flexible approach to detection providing portability, eye-safe operation high sensitivity. system is built around custom-designed Newtonian telescope 0.38 m diameter primary mirror. Laser sources...