Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disease in which the decrease or loss of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity results elevated, neurotoxic levels (Phe). Due to many obstacles, PAH enzyme replacement therapy not currently an option. Treatment PKU with alternative enzyme, ammonia lyase (PAL), was first proposed 1970s. However, issues regarding immunogenicity, production and mode delivery needed be overcome. Through evaluation PAL enzymes from multiple species, three potential...

Theoretical analyses are presented for the interaction of ultrasonic waves with multilayered media. The wave is supposed to be incident from a liquid, at an arbitrary angle, upon plate consisting number different material layers. composite supported bottom by solid half-space. It assumed that all interfaces either rigidly or smoothly bonded. Reflection and transmission coefficients derived total system. By examining behavior reflection coefficient, propagation characteristics identified....

Why do some trade policies become electorally salient while others not? While much of the literature argues that citizens act as a domestic constraint in formation policy, general consensus has emerged is most often nonsalient issue among voters. This poses paradox. On one hand, models hinge upon voters’ rational self-interest and preferences for varying levels protectionism to keep their governments accountable. other conditions by which becomes these very voters first place are both...

We develop the analysis for exact three-dimensional viscoelastic solution simply supported, thick multilayered composite plate strips. Each layer is assumed to possess monoclinic or higher material symmetry and be perfectly bonded adjacent layers. The damping capacity, loss factor, of derived using energy principles, allowing arbitrary through-the-thickness geometry plate. characteristics plate, as well its natural modes vibration, are obtained with aid matrix transfer technique. method...

The attention international trade receives at the domestic level varies widely across countries as well among political elites within same country. When and why are likely to dedicate this issue, what is policy position on which they focus when doing so? We argue that more their country's economy dependent upon trade. balance of influence degree liberalization or protectionism main level, complexity policies mediate relationship between trade-policy positions dominate agenda. test argument...

Theoretical investigations are carried out on the interaction of ultrasonic waves with multilayered plates separating a fluid from vacuum, another fluid, or solid half-space. It is assumed that each constituent plate and half-space possesses no less than monoclinic symmetry. The subjected to incident acoustic (propagated through fluid) at arbitrary angles normal as well azimuthal angles. further all interfaces either rigidly smoothly bonded. Solutions obtained for individual layers relate...

Under what conditions will political parties emphasise trade policy during national elections? While research shows the importance of domestic politics in driving policy, little attention has been directed towards its electoral salience. This study posits that rules affect politicians’ incentives to politicise foreign trade. In single-member district systems, where seats-votes elasticity is high, have strong cater voters. contrast, proportional representation systems generate stronger for...

We document a reduction in police reporting of domestic violence during shelter-in-place (SIP) orders issued by city governments March and April 2020. Using data from 18 large U.S. departments, we exploit the unique timing city-specific SIP to identify decrease as high 11 percent reports violence. Lockdowns, explicitly designed reduce contact among civilian populations, may also lead reduced between emergency responders civilians. Our findings suggest change their own behaviors response...

A unified theoretical treatment is presented for the calculation of displacements and stresses within multilayered media subjected to incident ultrasonic waves. The wave supposed be from water, at an arbitrary angle, upon a plate consisting number different isotropic material layers. In first part analysis are determined as functions position while all layer interfaces assumed rigidly bonded. smooth interface subsequently introduced simulate debonding two composite bounded bottom by either...

Alexis Zorbas unwittingly displays a knowledge of the cinema when he says to Boss, [‘Anything we couldn’t say with our mouths said feet, hands, belly or wild cries’.] Kazantzakis himself once same thing in different way: ‘To succeed transforming abstract concepts into simple, clear images is my great aspiration’. These words – written his future wife Eleni Samios and referring cinema’s influence on The Odyssey are starting point for rest Kazantzakis’ more complex theories film, distillation...

The analysis for the exact three-dimensional viscoelastic solution simply supported, thick rectangular laminates is developed. Each lamina assumed to possess orthotropic or higher material symmetry and be perfectly bonded adjacent lamina. damping capacity, loss factor, of laminate derived from elasticity using energy principles, allowing arbitrary through-the-thickness geometry laminate. characteristics laminate, as well its natural modes vibration, are obtained with aid matrix transfer...