In this paper we investigate the performance of multicast routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. An network is composed nodes without presence a wired support infrastructure. environment, routing/multicasting are faced with challenge producing multihop routes under host mobility and bandwidth constraints. recent years, number new different styles have been proposed for However, systematic evaluations comparative analysis these common realistic environment has not yet...

Malware remains one of the most significant security threats on Internet.Antivirus solutions and blacklists, main weapons defense against these attacks, have only been (partially) successful.One reason is that cyber-criminals take active steps to bypass defenses, for example, by distributing constantly changing (obfuscated) variants their malware programs, quickly churning through domains IP addresses are used exploit code botnet commands.We analyze core tasks authors achieve be successful:...

The IEEE 802.11n standard defines channel bonding that allows wireless devices to operate on 40 MHz channels by doubling their bandwidth from 20 channels. Increasing width increases capacity, but it comes at the cost of decreased transmission range and greater susceptibility interference. However, with incorporation Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology in 802.11n, can now exploit increased rates wider minimal sacrifice signal quality range. goal our work is identify network...

The emergence of MIMO antennas and channel bonding in 802.11n wireless networks has resulted a huge leap capacity compared with legacy 802.11 systems. This leap, however, adds complexity to selecting the right transmission rate. Not only does appropriate data rate need be selected, but also technique (e.g., Spatial Diversity or Multiplexing), number streams, width. Incorporating these features into adaptation (RA) solution requires new set rules accurately evaluate conditions select setting...

Although astaxanthin has a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidant effects, inhibitory effects on skin deterioration and anti-inflammatory its effect asthma not been studied. In this paper, the airway inflammation in mouse model ovalbumin (OVA)-induced was investigated. We evaluated number total cells, Th1/2 mediated inflammatory cytokines bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) hyperresponsiveness well histological structure. The level IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, OVA-specific IgG2a were...

Network proximity and latency estimation is an important component in discovering locating services applications. With the growing number of service providers large-scale Internet, accurately estimating network proximity/latency with minimal probing overhead becomes essential for scalable deployment. Although there exist a distance schemes, they either rely on extensive infrastructure support, require IP address potential targets, falsely cluster distant nodes, or perform poorly even few...

The performance of an IEEE 802.11 station heavily depends on the selection AP (Access Point) that is associated with to access Internet. conventional approach based received signal strength called RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) from APs within transmission range. This however, might yield unbalanced traffic load among as chooses only strength, instead considering and level contention medium access. Accordingly, highest-RSSI suffer poor network performance. In this paper, we...

Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is the simplest and most widely used video quality evaluation methodology. However, traditional PSNR calculations do not take packet loss into account. This shortcoming, which amplified in wireless networks, contributes to inaccuracy evaluating streaming communications. Such adversely affects development of communications networks. paper proposes a novel As it only considers video, but also with modifications handle issue, we name this method MPSNR. MPSNR...

Measurement of network performance in complex WiFi networks, such as corporations and universities, is an important but challenging task, wireless networks with many access points hard to measure model. We demonstrate that crowdsourcing the task measuring effective solution this problem. By directly unmodified consumer mobile devices smartphones, it possible cheaply easily detect problems matter users. Aggregated data across clients can then provide a global view trends enterprise network....

Automated pig monitoring is an important issue in the surveillance environment of a farm. For large-scale farm particular, practical issues such as cost should be considered but consideration based on low-cost embedded boards has not yet been reported. Since have more limited computing power than typical PCs and tradeoffs between execution speed accuracy, achieving fast accurate detection individual pigs for “on-device” applications very challenging. Therefore, this paper, we propose method...

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an emerging paradigm that addresses distributional shifts between training and testing phases without additional data acquisition or labeling cost; only unlabeled test streams are used for continual model adaptation. Previous TTA schemes assume the samples independent identically distributed (i.i.d.), even though they often temporally correlated (non-i.i.d.) in application scenarios, e.g., autonomous driving. We discover most existing methods fail dramatically...

We present an experimental performance evaluation study of WiFi links in open-space outdoor environment. consider a large scale wireless sensor network scenario seismic data collection from sensors that are buried ground and set access points (APs) form the hierarchical aggregation layer backbone network. conduct two different link characterization studies. First, we evaluate between nodes AP using IEEE 802.11a/b/g. construct path loss model investigate reachability distance this for...

Fingerprinting the Operating System (OS) running on a device based its traffic has several applications, such as NAT detection, policy enforcement in enterprise networks, and billing for shared access mobile networks. In this paper, we propose to utilize features TCP/IP headers OS identification, use real traces evaluate accuracy of fingerprinting. Our trace-driven study shows that techniques successfully fingerprint desktop OSes are not effective fingerprinting devices. Therefore, new We...

Segmenting touching-pigs in real-time is an important issue for surveillance cameras intended the 24-h tracking of individual pigs. However, methods to do so have not yet been reported. We particularly focus on segmentation a crowded pig room with low-contrast images obtained using Kinect depth sensor. reduce execution time by combining object detection techniques based convolutional neural network (CNN) image processing instead applying time-consuming operations, such as optimization-based...

Taking care of individual pigs is important in the management a group-housed pig farm. However, this nearly impossible large-scale farm owing to shortage workers. Therefore, we propose an automatic monitoring method study solve problem Particularly, aim detect undergrown rooms by using deep-learning-based computer vision techniques. Because typical deep learning techniques require large computational overhead (i.e., Mask-R-CNN), fast and accurate detection on IoT-based embedded device very...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic parasitic disease characterized by slow progression and non-specific clinical symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis treatment. Early precise crucial for effective treatment, particularly considering the five stages of CE as outlined World Health Organization (WHO). This study explores development an advanced system that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) techniques classify cysts into using various imaging modalities,...

Recent research has explored combining large language models (LLMs) with speech recognition for various services, but such applications require a strong network environment quality service delivery. For on-device which do not rely on networks, resource limitations must be considered. This study proposes HYLR-FO, an efficient model that integrates smaller (LM) and rule-based system (RBS) to enable fast reliable voice-based order processing in resource-constrained environments, approximating...

Effective building energy prediction is essential for optimizing management, but existing models struggle with data scarcity and sensor heterogeneity across different buildings. Conventional approaches, including centralized transfer learning methods, fail to generalize well due varying configurations inconsistent availability. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a Personalized Federated Learning (pFL) framework that integrates multi-level feature masking, model ensemble...

Efficient discovery of grid services is essential for the success computing. The standardization grids based on web has resulted in need scalable service mechanisms to be deployed Even though UDDI been de facto industry standard web-services discovery, imposed requirements tight-replication among registries and lack autonomous control severely hindered its widespread deployment usage. With advent computing scalability issue will become a roadblock that prevent grids. In this paper we present...

<i>Background:</i> The pathophysiological role and metabolic pathway of Lp(a) have not been clearly defined. An association between oxidative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were recently reported. And small dense LDL (sd-LDL) associated with circulating malondialdehyde-modified LDL. We investigated the relationships serum level particle size in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Further, we sd-LDL extent severity CAD. <i>Methods:</i> A total 490 patients (mean:...

The skin is a very suitable organ for the induction of immune responses to vaccine antigens. Antigen delivery systems by needle and syringe directly deposit antigen into epidermal-dermal compartment, one most immunocompetent sites due presence professional antigen-presenting cells aimed at antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we analyzed amount ovalbumin as an delivered microneedle. When protein was mice using dissolving microneedle, it induced response through enhanced proliferation...