In this paper, a multimode design method is proposed for motor under multiple operation conditions. Based on the driving cycles in electric vehicles, five typical conditions and corresponding modes are determined design. To investigate conveniently, flux controllable stator permanent magnet (SPM) memory selected taken as example. process, by using sensitivity analysis method, significance of parameters various evaluated effectively. demands, whole optimization divided into three steps, where...

In this article, a variable-saliency-ratio permanent magnet motor is designed and optimized considering driving cycles. To satisfy the demands of multi-operation conditions EVs, variable resistance adopted new design concept proposed to enhance output torque, widen speed range lower irreversible demagnetization risk effectively. A multiobjective optimization cycles proposed, where objective saliency ratio firstly selected with genetic algorithm method. Then, operation performances in...

In this paper, two new flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet (FI-IPM) motors owing the characteristic of Ld > Lq are proposed for extended operating speed range. The feasible approaches realizing first discussed to emphasize rotor flux barrier design. According approaches, barriers and surface combined with different PM placements adopted in these motors. To verify validity motors, a comprehensive investigation comparison between carried out, including both electromagnetic performances...

This paper proposes a new hybrid permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance motor, where two types of PM materials rare-earth PMs and ferrite are employed in its rotor. To reduce the usage materials, hierarchical design method is adopted rotor design, which divided into levels: saliency ratio level level. In level, proper flux barrier dimensions confirmed based on principle torque maximization. optimal first determined according to relationship main leakage flux. Then, tradeoff...

In this article, a new controllable leakage flux multilayer barrier permanent magnet (PM) motor is proposed by adopting design concept of flux, where the PMs are uniquely placed in d-axis magnetic circuit synchronous reluctance (SynRM). Compared to conventional q-axis PM placement SynRM, higher utilization and better flux-weakening capability can be obtained. For further comparison verification, both with traditional setting designed. addition, multiobjective optimization method based on...

This article reveals the flux leakage design and modeling principle of a controllable permanent magnet (FLC-PM) machine by considering driving cycles. The key is to obtain relationship between characteristics multiple operating conditions. Based on concept, an FLC-PM with artfully designed region proposed. investigated analyzing magnetic circuit in factor introduced characterize variable field On this basis, mathematical model deduced, are studied detail. In order evaluate presented machine,...

This paper proposes a new spoke-type hybrid permanent magnet brushless (H-PMBL) motor for potential applications in electric vehicles, where the high-energy rare-earth PM and cost-effective ferrite-PM are combined. In order to realize low-cost design improve operating points of ferrite-PM, proposed is designed based on calculation cost analysis points. Moreover, fairly estimate electromagnetic performances H-PMBL motor, conventional non-rare-earth ferrite-PMBL with same overall dimensions...

In this paper, a double-stator linear-rotary permanent magnet motor (DSLRPMM) for linear and/or rotary movement is presented. Since the two types of magnets are orthogonally arrayed on inner and outer surfaces mover core, respectively, influences orthogonal magnetic field (OMF) electromagnetic characteristics cannot be ignored. Based 3-D finite-element method (FEM), OMF in iron core magnetization investigated, test device constructed to verify results obtained by theoretical analysis (FEA)....

In this paper, an interior permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine with multiflux-barriers is proposed. The key to adopt unique flux barriers design realize better flux-intensifying effect. topology presented first, and then inductance characteristics are investigated. Some of the parameters optimized obtain improved operating points PMs, preferable effect, relatively high torque, low torque ripple. Moreover, a conventional spoke-type ferrite PM also designed compared. And electromagnetic...

Changing lane must not only ensure the safety of vehicle itself, but also patency traffic flow original and target lane. Therefore, successful lane-changing is a key technology for autonomous control. In order to avoid collisions smooth traffic, in this paper dynamics state model with time variable established as plant, lateral force steering wheel further optimized through Model Predictive Control(MPC), then angle obtained complete operation. The longitudinal logic controllers designed soft...

Low-energy permanent magnet (PM) such as ferrite is usually adopted in a PM-assisted reluctance (PMAREL) motor to enhance the output torque and reduce costs. However, relatively low magnetic energy product remanence PMs may lead risk of demagnetization. By using two types materials rare-earth NdFeB non-rare-earth PM, new less-rare-earth hybrid PMAREL proposed this paper, where power factor can be improved obviously, meanwhile irreversible demagnetization reduced significantly due existence...

This paper proposes an improved flux-intensifying permanent magnet machine to improve the flux weakening capability and speed range. Considering variable applications, reverse saliency is optimized for constant-torque constant-power operation conditions. To conveniently explore optimal saliency, response surface method purposely utilized conducting optimization. Based on performances are analyzed compared with existing in detail, including linkages, inductances, torque performances,...

To determine proper flight parameters of an unmanned helicopter for tea plantation frost protection, field experiments were conducted to study the impact height, speed and interval on airflow disturbance temperature rise around canopies based analysis simulation protection with a certain helicopter. The relationship between after above was established through regression orthogonal experiment, which optimal combination obtained single-factor golden section method. results showed that wind...

In order to solve the rare-earth crisis emerged in recent years, a new permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor with less materials is proposed this paper. The novelty of PMs and more ferrite are artfully inset its rotor U shapes. Furthermore, an improved structure sectorial flux barriers designed for magnetic leakage. By using finite-element analysis method, electromagnetic performances evaluated, including density distribution, back-EMF harmonic frequency analysis....

Wind machines have been increasingly applied to prevent frost damage through airflow disturbance in tea fields and orchards. An impeller is the most important component of machine. However, there are few studies on customized design or performance. The objective this study was a new for protection wind based reverse engineering CFD simulation. characteristic parameters an include blade cross-section shape, installation angle, sweep hub ratio number. optimal combination above obtained...

In this article, to improve the adjustment ability of air gap flux, a new interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine with permeability modulation characteristics is proposed for electric vehicles' (EVs) potential applications. The main trait structure that bridge between rotor poles intentionally established, which can produce smooth magnetic path leakage flux. Thus, flux state be adjusted by controlling saturation according load current. To clarify feature, performances are...

This paper proposes a new flux-intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor for potential application in electric vehicles. The key of the proposed is to adopt concept effect, thus preferable flux-weakening ability and extended speed range can be achieved. usage segmented relatively thinner (PM) contributes increase d-axis inductance Ld. In addition, multilayer flux barriers along q-axis path will effectively decrease Lq. As result, unique feature Ld>Lq obtained, which beneficial...

As a response to the rare earth crisis arising in recent years, two new permanent magnet synchronous reluctance (PMSynR) motors with non-rare-earth materials are proposed for electric vehicle (EV) applications this paper. The key feature of motor is adopt different and flux-barrier combinations obtain relatively high torque density, power density efficiency. To verify validity motors, electromagnetic performances compared by using finite-element (FE) method.

In this paper, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine with multiflux barriers is proposed to meet the wide speed regulation application requirements of electric vehicles. Based on flux barrier characteristic, electromagnetic–mechanical coupling optimization strategy employed for design. order facilitate design, rotor are divided into two zones, maximum stress zone and deformation zone. The stages accordingly. first stage, regarded as a reluctance by ignoring magnets, where...

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of vertical blowing fans (VBF) for frost protection in a vineyard on steep slope near Napa Valley Northern California, USA, and tea plantation located undulating terrain Zhenjiang, China. Minimum temperature comparisons from within grape nights with without VBF operation control station minimum temperatures exhibited no benefit. Profile measurements test China indicated that there was an increase when first started, but benefit lost over...

In this paper, the partitioned rotor flux switching permanent magnet machine with ferrite is proposed. By adoption of configuration, stator leakage eliminated and utilization improved. The often suffers from irreversible demagnetization due to inherent relatively low coercivity magnet. To mitigate risk, an improved hybrid topology also Two little pieces rare-earth are installed at corners magnet, thus forming topology. And mechanisms both machines clarified by magnetic equivalent circuit...