Ultrasensitive Raman measurements in single living cells are possible through exploiting the effect of surface-enhanced scattering (SERS). Colloidal gold particles (60 nm size) that deposited inside as “SERS-active nanostructures” result strongly enhanced signals native chemical constituents cells. Particularly strong field enhancement can be observed when colloidal form clusters. The allow a cell 400–1800 cm −1 range with 1-μm lateral resolution relatively short collection times (1 second...

Carbon nanodots are a new and intriguing class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials considered promising low cost, nontoxic alternative to traditional inorganic quantum dots in applications such as bioimaging, solar cells, photocatalysis, sensors others. Despite the abundant available literature, clear formation mechanism for prepared hydrothermally from biomass precursors along with origins light emission still under debate. In this paper, we investigate relationships between chemical...

The hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped monolithic carbon aerogels derived from sustainable precursors (i.e.D-glucose and ovalbumin) is presented. protein acts as nitrogen donor surface stabilizing agent in this saccharide carbonization, to generate high area (>240 m2g−1) composed functional continuous large diameter mesopores with excellent hierarchical transport architecture. Post-carbonization treatment controls chemistry (e.g. C or N condensation), facilitating tuneable...

Micro- and mesoporous carbohydrate-derived functional carbonaceous materials of a near-perfect single crystalline cubic nature were prepared via low-temperature, sustainable hydrothermal carbonization/soft-templating approach.

Abstract The layer exchange technique enables high-quality multilayer graphene (MLG) on arbitrary substrates, which is a key to combining advanced electronic devices with carbon materials. We synthesize uniform MLG layers of various thicknesses, t , ranging from 5 nm 200 using Ni-induced at 800 °C. Raman and transmission electron microscopy studies show the crystal quality relatively low for ≤ 20 dramatically improves ≥ 50 when we prepare diffusion controlling Al 2 O 3 interlayer between C...

111)-oriented Ge thin films on insulators are essential for advanced electronics and photovoltaic applications.We investigate Al-induced crystallization of amorphous-Ge (50-nm thickness) focusing the annealing temperature diffusion controlling process between Al.The (111)-orientation fraction grown layer reaches as high 99% by combining low-temperature (325 C) native-oxidized Al (AlO x ) diffusioncontrol layer.Moreover, transmission electron microscopy reveals absence defects surface.This...

Polycrystalline GeSn thin films are fabricated on insulating substrates at low temperatures by using Sn-induced crystallization of amorphous Ge (a-Ge). The Sn layer stacked the a-Ge (100-nm thickness each) had two roles: lowering temperature and composing GeSn. Slow annealing an extremely 70 °C allowed for a large-grained (350 nm) with lattice constant 0.590 nm, corresponding to composition exceeding 25%. present investigation paves way advanced electronic optical devices integrated flexible...

We have prepared carbon aerogels (CAs) doped with copper through sol−gel polymerization of formaldehyde the potassium salt 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, followed by ion exchange Cu(NO3)2, supercritical drying liquid CO2, and carbonization at 1050 °C under a N2 atmosphere. The materials were characterized elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. Results obtained indicate that this approach is an effective method for controlling...

An optical fiber cable that can suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been developed. Fiber cabling expanded the gain bandwidth from 50 MHz to 400 (9 dB). The expansion was caused by a sinusoidal strain distribution of +or-0.35%, which generated in strainholding, double-stranded cable. This work explains relationship between structure and strain, as well with expansion. loss studied found be small; also, strained reliability is assured use carbon-coated fiber.< <ETX...

Amorphous diamond was successfully quenched from shock-compressed C60 fullerene by rapid cooling technique. This material is transparent and homogeneous glassy chips, exists stably at ambient conditions. X-ray diffractometry showed a halo, electron diffuse pattern similar to those of common amorphous carbon materials. Electron energy loss spectroscopy represented evidently σ-electron state in sp3 hybridization completely equivalent that typical diamond. Therefore, this defined long range...

A formula for the difference between propagation constants of two polarization modes caused by elliptical core deformation and stress anisotropy is given single-mode optical fibers. Birefringence in circular fibers subject to an externally applied uniaxial pressure are measured. experimentally separated measuring their wavelength dependences. value <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.36 \times 10^{-10}</tex> cm <sup...

Detailed characterization of products by pulsed laser melting in liquid was performed for TiO2 particles obtained at different fluences. The size, crystal structure, and inner structure spherical depended on the irradiating fluence. Single crystalline submicrometer 200 nm were using nanosecond irradiation 100 mJ cm–2 pulse–1 onto raw dispersed ethanol cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observation. At higher fluence (e.g., 225 pulse–1), large spheres with strain...

A semiconductor thin film with high carrier mobility was fabricated on a flexible film. During the solid-phase crystallization process of densified amorphous Ge layer, interfacial reaction GeOx underlayer is controlled by thickness (0–300 nm) and growth temperature (375–450 °C). The appropriate amount oxygen diffusion from to produces large grains (up 13 μm in diameter) crystal quality. use heat-resistant polyimide allows postannealing at 500 °C improves hole 690 cm2 V–1 s–1 while...

Copper-doped carbon aerogels were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the chemical nature and distribution of copper species in aerogel framework. The Cu2p spectra both organic show a fairly uniform network, with slight increase content going from edge center monolith. O1s copper-doped indicate that carboxyl hydroxyl groups framework are involved chelation ions. After carbonization, detected XPS decreases significantly as ions reduced into metallic nanoparticles....

Carbon nanosheet (CNS)-Pd nanosized particle (NP) composites were synthesized by using graphite oxide (GO) and bis(ethylenediamine)palladium(II) (Pd(en)(2)(2+)) as the precursors, their structure adsorption properties examined. It was found that Pd(en)(2)(2+) complex ions can be intercalated into GO layers highly efficiently to form a layered containing large amount of Pd (approximately 12 wt %). By subsequent chemical reduction, NPs (2-6 nm in size) are well dispersed between CNS CNS-Pd NP...

By controlling the Si thickness and annealing temperature used for Al-induced crystallization, we controlled fraction of (100) (111) orientations polycrystalline (poly-Si) grains grown on glass. Changing proportions crystal orientation strongly influenced average grain size poly-Si layer. growing a 99% (111)-oriented layer, formed with 50-nm-thick layer at 375 °C, produced nearly 40 μm in size. We discuss growth mechanism from perspective competition between (100)- nuclei. This achievement...

To date, Bi2Te3-based systems are the most promising thermoelectric materials near room temperature for Peltier cooling and energy harvesting. Further improvement of figure merit zT is required to broaden application thermoelectrics. In this study, we investigated critical role oxidation in performance p-type Bi0.45Sb1.55Te3 proposed a way improve performance. Impurity oxides inevitably formed during fabrication processes constituent elements, leading lowered mobility. solve problem, an...