Accurate precipitation observations are crucial for water resources management and as inputs a gamut of hydrometeorological applications. Precipitation data from Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals Global Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) have recently been widely used to complement traditional rain gauge systems. However, the satellite needs be validated before being in applications this is still missing over Indonesian maritime continent (IMC). We conducted validation IMERG product version 6...

Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data have been widely used to analyze extreme precipitation, but the never validated Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC). This study evaluated capability of IMERG Early (E), Late (L), and Final (F) observe rain in IMC using gauge within five years (2016–2020). The observation index was Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) matrices. well captured climatologic characteristics annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), number wet days (R85p), very...

Accurate and current rainfall analysis is crucial for planning development in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN). This study examines effect Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on variability IKN using a 20-year dataset Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals GPM (IMERG) version 6 automatic weather station (AWS) data. The analyzes flood events by examining information provided National Agency Disaster Countermeasures (BNPB) from 2008 to 2022 contribution MJO these events. findings indicate...

Accurate satellite precipitation estimates over areas of complex topography are still challenging, while such accuracy is importance to the adoption data for hydrological applications. This study evaluated ability Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals GPM -Final (IMERG) V06 product observe extreme rainfall a mountainous area Sumatra Island. Fifteen years optical rain gauge (ORG) observation at Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (100.32°E, 0.20°S, 865 m above sea level), were used as...

Abstract Accurate information on extreme rain is essential for vulnerability analysis and early warning systems of hydrometeorological disasters. One newly launched satellite that can provide about precipitation the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), which produces half-hour grid data through Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrieval GPM (IMERG) system. This work evaluates performance IMERG to measure indices over Indonesia. Three types data: IMERG-Early, IMERG-Late, IMERG-Final, were...

The geometry optimization of the nitrogen-doped diamond has been carried out by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We model defective substitutional and interstitial nitrogen atoms using a simple-cubic supercell. Atoms in supercell are relaxed allowing them to move so that atomic forces less than 5.0 × 10-3 eV/Å. calculate formation energy for sites. find defect is10.89 eV. check convergence calculation with respect k×k×k - Monkhorst-Pack grids. show difference between k = 4 6 is...

In this work, we study the opinion dynamics of Sznajd model with anticonformity on a fully-connected network. We consider four agents two different configurations; three against one (3–1) and (2–2). individual behaviors, conformity anticonformity, observe effect critical behavior model. analyze differences between phase transitions that occur for both agent configurations. find configurations have point. The point 3–1 is smaller than 2–2 configuration. From simulation analytical result,...

By using first-principles calculations, we study the formation energy and concentration of silicon monovacancy. We use large-scale supercells containing up to 1728 atomic sites confirm convergence calculational results with respect cell size. The is calculated be 3.46 eV, vacancy at melting point estimated 7.4 × 1016 cm−3. These values are consistent experimental results. find that vibrational effect significantly increases about 104 times.

In this work, we study the opinion dynamics of majority-rule model on a complete graph with additional social behavior namely anticonformity. We consider four spins three-one interaction; three persuade fourth spin in population. perform analytical and numerical calculations to find critical system. From both, obtained agreement results, e.g. system undergoes second-order phase transition point only depends population number. addition, decays exponentially as number increases. For infinite...

Satellite-based precipitation estimates play a crucial role in many hydrological and numerical weather models, especially to overcome the scarcity of rain gauge data. Globally gridded rainfall product from Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) has been used wide range applications. However, IMERG is inherently prone errors biases. This study evaluated performance IMERG-Final run (IMERG-F) estimate mountainous area Sumatra. Validation was...

The ability to control the spin textures in semiconductors is a fundamental step toward novel spintronic devices, while seeking desirable materials exhibiting persistent texture (PST) remains key challenge. PST property of preserving unidirectional orientation momentum space, which has been predicted support an extraordinarily long lifetime carriers. Herein, by using first-principles density functional theory calculations, we report emergence two-dimensional (2D) germanium monochalcogenides...

The effects of biaxial strain on the electronic properties silicene are studied by carrying out density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. We simulate planar and buckled structures find that structure is more stable than one. next apply up to 12% applied tensile compressive strains below 8% do not change structure. At or more, Dirac point at K-point shifts from Fermi level, indicating such behaves as p-type doping. Meanwhile down n-type remains for 12%. also calculate velocity around...

Abstract We carry out density-functional-theory calculations to study the stability of germanium multivacancies. use supercells containing 216 atomic sites and simulate two configurations called “part hexagonal ring” (PHR) fourfold tri-, tetra-, pentavacancies. find that tetra- pentavacancies are most stable these also in case silicon. However, we PHR have similar energies trivacancy. These results contrast those silicon trivacancy; configuration has substantially lower energy than...

A computational study was conducted using the density functional theory (DFT) method to determine energy stability of a system composed deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) nucleobase molecules on Fullerene C[Formula: see text] as potential gene delivery system. The feasibility for and nanomedicine applications assessed by examining strong geometric bonds formed between Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil nucleobases text]Si in close proximity Fullerene. bonding...

Based on density functional theory, calculations have been carried out to study the structural and electronic properties of polymer Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) interacting with monolayer graphene as an active layer. (P3HT)1-graphene (P3HT)2-graphene are optimized using generalized-gradient-approximation type exchange-correlation functional. Adsorption energy, band gap, charge transfer calculated. The calculated adsorption energy shows that all systems negative indicating reaction is...

Floods in Indonesia are often triggered by heavy rainfall with a long duration. Such was influenced several factors include seasons, Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), and La Nina. The number of flood events term MJO, Nina has been observed from the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) data 2008 to 2020. Flood during 13-year observation showed increase annual trend accordance global disasters trend. significant seasonal variation maximum occurence January February minimum...