Economic conditions shape election outcomes in the world's democracies. Good times keep parties office, bad cast them out. This proposition is robust, as voluminous body of research reviewed here demonstrates. The strong findings at macro level are founded on economic voter, who holds government responsible for performance, rewarding or punishing it ballot box. Although voters do not look exclusively issues, they generally weigh those more heavily than any others, regardless democracy vote in.

Does a government's fate at the ballot box hinge on state of economy? Is it inflation, unemployment, or income that makes difference? What triggers economic voting for against incumbent - do voters look their pocketbooks, national accounts? Do punish rulers bad times, but fail to reward them good times? Are voter's judgments based past performance future policy promises? These are some questions considered by Michael Lewis-Beck in this major cross-national study effect conditions behavior...

Reader's Guide Contributors About the Editors Preface Introduction Entries Volume I: A-F II: G-P III: Q-Z Appendix: Bibliography Index List of

In comparative politics, an established finding—that economic development fosters democratic performance—has recently come under challenge. We counter this challenge with a dynamic pooled time series analysis of major, but neglected data set from 131 nations. The final generalized least squares-autoregressive moving averages estimates (N = 2,096) appear robust and indicate strong effects, dependent in part on the nation's position world system. For first time, rather hard evidence is offered...

The presidential elections of 2000 and 2004 will be remembered as two the most contentious polarizing political events in American history.In an attempt to understand what happened during these historic elections, Voter Revisited recreates outstanding classic from 1960, Voter, following same format, theory, mode analysis original.The examines how contemporary voters decide, using lens 1960 text, which was based on 1952 1956. In this new volume, ideas methods are tested against election...

likelihood of a vote for the incumbent coalition. In contrast, personal economic circumstances, no matter how measured, demonstrate nonexistent to weak effects on choice. Overall, conditions emerge as relatively important determinant. When more properly specified, general multi-equation model is estimated, economics shows itself be powerful traditional factors used explain Western European vote. particular, variables exceed impact partisan identification in Britain, and roughly equal it...

Conventional wisdom argues that national economic perceptions generally have an important impact on the vote choice in democracies. Recently, a revisionist view has arisen, contending this link, regularly observed election surveys, is mostly spurious. According to argument, partisanship distorts perception, thereby substantially exaggerating real connection. These causality issues not been much investigated empirically, despite their critical importance. Utilizing primarily American, and...

National economic conditions regularly influence outcomes in U.S. presidential elections. However, beyond this simple finding, much remains unclear. How large are national effects? Which macroeconomic indicators? Subjective or objective measures? Retrospective prospective? What is the role of institutions? In our analysis American Election Studies, 1956-1996, we employ a Business Index (NBI), an aggregate measure that amalgamates individual voter perceptions collective economy. It...

To forecast an election means to declare the outcome before it happens. Scientific approaches forecasting include polls, political stock markets and statistical models. I review these approaches, with emphasis on last, since offers more lead time. Consideration is given history politics of models elections. Rules for evaluating such are offered. Examples actual come from United States, France Kingdom, where this work rather new. Compared other modelling seems a promising method

The economics and elections connection has been heavily investigated, although mostly through single-country studies. first comparative, survey-based research on economic voting, by Lewis–Beck, found serious effects. Subsequently, other comparative scholars have explored this terrain. most recent, ambitious, examinations are Duch Stevenson van der Brug et al. These impressive efforts arrive at opposing conclusions about the importance of voting. We carry out another major examination, with...

With the 1970 passage of Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), federal regulation reached American workplace. Given newness legislation, any firm conclusion on its effectiveness seems premature. However, there is ample evidence safety a specific workplace: coal mine. The government has been directly involved in mining for over 35 years, operating under three major pieces enacted 1941, 1952, 1969. Opposing opinions regarding effect this legislation can be grouped into categories:...