A5067663201- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Hematological disorders and diagnostics
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
Makerere University
2011-2024
Karolinska Institutet
2011-2018
Karolinska University Hospital
2011-2014
Background Pharmacogenetics contributes to inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) of efavirenz (EFV), leading variations both efficacy and toxicity. The purpose this study was assess the effect genetic factors on EFV pharmacokinetics, treatment outcomes genotype based dose recommendations for adult HIV-1 infected Ugandans. Methods In total, 556 steady-state plasma concentrations from 99 HIV patients (64 female) treated with EFV/lamivudine/zidovidine were analyzed. Patient...
Inappropriate use of antibacterials is a major public health challenge as it can promote emergence resistance, wastage financial resources, morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence factors associated with antibacterial in managing symptoms acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) households rural communities Gulu district, northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among selected using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through interviews...
Aim: We investigated the effects of rifampicin-based anti-TB treatment on plasma efavirenz exposure and implications CYP2B6 genotype. Patients & methods: Antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan HIV patients without (n = 157) or with TB coinfection 106) were enrolled treated efavirenz-based highly active antiretroviral therapy alone therapy, respectively. Efavirenz concentration was determined day 3 weeks 1, 2, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 32. Results: Rifampicin-based cotreatment reduced during first...
Suboptimal anti-TB drugs exposure may cause multidrug-resistant TB. The role of African predominant SLCO1B1 variant alleles on rifampicin pharmacokinetics and the subsequent effect occurrence Mycobacterium tuberculosis-rifampicin sensitivity needs to be defined. We describe population profile investigate relevance genotypes rifampicin-TB status.Fifty patients with TB (n=25 rifampicin-resistant n=25 rifampicin-susceptible TB) were genotyped for SLOC1B1 rs4149032 (g.38664C>T), SLOC1B1*1B...
Background Pharmacokinetic variability of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz has been documented, and high variation in trough concentrations or clearance found to be a risk for virological failure. Africans population exhibits greater than other ethnic groups, so better understanding pharmacokinetics drug is needed this population. This study characterized HIV‐infected Ugandans. Methods Efavirenz plasma were obtained 66 Ugandans initiating efavirenz‐ based regimens,...
Several studies demonstrate a correlation between sub-therapeutic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs and virologic failure. We examined the sensitivity, specificity predictive values drug levels in predicting viralogic This was case control study with cases being samples participants failure, controls suppression. analyzed obtained from that had been on treatment (ART) for at least 6 months. Virologic failure defined as HIV-RNA viral load ≥ 1000 copies/ml. Sub-therapeutic were according...
Abstract Background Diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years age globally, and risk death increases with practices such as restriction fluid intake inappropriate use antibiotics. We determined prevalence antibiotic managing diarrhea rural communities Gulu district, northern Uganda. Method A cross-sectional study among diarrhea, from households selected using multi-stage sampling. researcher administered questionnaire was used to obtain data caregivers these...
Background: Given the importance of CD4-T-lymphocyte monitoring in HIV/ART management, we established CD4/CD8 reference ranges Uganda and studied factors associated with a normal population. Methods: Blood samples for 206 HIV seronegative healthy volunteers from Mbarara Kampala districts were analyzed using PanLeucogating protocol. Results: The reported include data 172 participants no current or serious recent health problems. 95% absolute CD4 (ACD4) count was 418-2105 cells/µL, 2561619 CD8...
CD4 T lymphocytes remain the surrogate measure for monitoring HIV progress in resource-limited settings. The absolute cell counts form basis antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and among HIV-infected adults. However, rate of change differs patients, factors responsible are inadequately documented.This study investigated relationship between severity ART outcomes ART-naïve Ugandans, with primary outcome complete immunological recovery patients different baseline counts.Patients' records...
Abstract Aim To assess the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and its association with virologic outcomes after 24 weeks antiretroviral therapy (ART), within an urban cohort Ugandan children. Methods Prospective observational study. Baseline 24‐week assessments viral load (VL) genotypic to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) non‐nucleoside (NNRTI) were performed. Results Ninety‐nine ART‐naïve children (3‐12 years) initiated efavirenz‐based ART 2015‐2016 18/90...
Several repurposed drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been investigated for treatment of COVID-19, but none was confirmed to be efficacious. While in vitro studies demonstrated antiviral properties HCQ, data from clinical trials were conflicting regarding its benefit COVID-19 treatment. Drugs that limit viral replication may beneficial the earlier course disease thus slowing progression severe and critical illness.
Aims Interindividual variations in efavirenz (EFV) plasma concentrations are extensive, but paediatric data on its consequences for viral control scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the role genetic variation achieving therapeutic a cohort Ugandan children and linkage between CYP2B6 variants, EFV variability, resistance outcome. Methods Ninety‐nine treatment‐naïve children, aged 3–12 years living with HIV, were followed 24 weeks after ART initiation assessing mid‐dose...
Introduction Given the frequent initiation of antibacterial treatment at home by caregivers children under five years in low-income countries, there is a need to find out whether caregivers’ reports prior intake their before being brought healthcare facility are accurate. The aim this study was describe and validate reported use antibacterials seeking care facility. Methods A cross sectional conducted among facilities Gulu district, northern Uganda. Using researcher administered...
This study assessed the effect of efavirenz mid-dose plasma concentrations on mid-luteal endogenous progesterone and contraceptive outcomes among 49 HIV infected women coadministering ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel, including 34 positive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 15 HAART naïve women, purposively selected from Mulago Hospital, Uganda. A blood sample was collected once between days 20 22 each woman’s menstrual cycle for measuring by electrochemiluminescence technology High...
Global implementation of HIV-, malaria-and tb-therapy has drastically reduced the death toll since 2000.The progress is remarkable for children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Emerging resistance scanty knowledge about use medicines treatment outcomes are challenges.About 90 % two million (0-14 years) living with HIV reside SSA.Annually 1.3 HIV-pregnant give births.The access to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) varies between 10 95% SSA-countries.Prevalence pretreatment...
Abstract Background Several repurposed drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been investigated for treatment of COVID-19, but none was confirmed to be efficacious. While in vitro studies demonstrated antiviral properties HCQ, data from clinical trials were conflicting regarding its benefit COVID-19 treatment. Drugs that limit viral replication may beneficial the earlier course disease thus slowing progression severe and critical illness. Design We conducted a randomized open label...