A5043794250- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Text Readability and Simplification
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Sleep and related disorders
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Face recognition and analysis
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Antimicrobial agents and applications
University of Stirling
2023-2025
University of Southampton
2023-2025
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2011-2024
Southwestern Medical Center
2012-2021
University of Kent
2018
Harvard University Press
2001-2007
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
1998-2006
Harvard University
1998-2006
University of Chicago
2001
Tufts University
1994
Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides synthesized in the central nervous system exclusively by neurons of lateral hypothalamus. Orexin-containing have widespread projections and been implicated complex physiological functions including feeding behavior, sleep states, neuroendocrine function, autonomic control. Two orexin receptors (OX(1)R OX(2)R) identified, with distinct expression patterns throughout brain, but a systematic examination receptor brain has not appeared. We used situ...
Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates growth secretion and signals energy insufficiency via interaction with its receptor, the secretagogue receptor (GHSR). The GHSR located in both central nervous system periphery. Its distribution CNS, as assessed by situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH), has been described previously few mammalian species, although these studies were limited either detail provided or extent of regions examined. In present study, we systematically examined mRNA adult rat...
Recent studies have identified several neuropeptide systems in the hypothalamus that are critical regulation of body weight. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has long been considered essential regulating food intake and Two neuropeptides, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) orexins (ORX), localized LHA provide diffuse innervation neuraxis, including monosynaptic projections to cerebral cortex autonomic preganglionic neurons. Therefore, MCH ORX neurons may regulate both cognitive aspects...
Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR; ghrelin receptor). Since its discovery, accumulating evidence has suggested that may play a role in signaling and reversing states of energy insufficiency. For example, levels rise following food deprivation, administration stimulates feeding increases body weight adiposity. However, recent loss-of-function studies have raised questions regarding physiological significance regulating these processes. Here, we...
Abstract The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4‐R) plays a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis rodents and humans. For example, MC4‐R deletion or mutation results obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance. Additionally, subsets of leptin‐induced autonomic responses can be blocked by antagonism, suggesting that MC4‐R–expressing neurons are downstream targets leptin. However, the critical control sites expressing MC4‐Rs still unclear. In present study, we systematically examined...
D-fenfluramine (d-FEN) was once widely prescribed and among the most effective weight loss drugs, but withdrawn from clinical use because of reports cardiac complications in a subset patients. Discerning neurobiology underlying anorexic action d-FEN may facilitate development new drugs to prevent treat obesity. Through combination functional neuroanatomy, feeding, electrophysiology studies rodents, we show that d-FEN–induced anorexia requires activation central nervous system melanocortin...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) released from the gut functions as an incretin that stimulates insulin secretion. GLP-1 is also a brain neuropeptide controls feeding and drinking behavior gastric emptying elicits neuroendocrine responses including development of conditioned taste aversion. Although receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are under for treatment diabetes, administration may increase blood pressure heart rate in vivo. We report here centrally peripherally administered GLP-1R...
The central actions of leptin are essential for homeostatic control adipose tissue mass, glucose metabolism, and many autonomic neuroendocrine systems. In the brain, acts on numerous different cell types via long-form receptor (LepRb) to elicit its effects. precise identification leptin's cellular targets is fundamental understanding mechanism pleiotropic actions. We have systematically characterized LepRb distribution in mouse brain using situ hybridization wildtype mice as well by EYFP...
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a recently described neuropeptide widely expressed in the rat brain. CART mRNA peptides are found hypothalamic sites such as paraventricular nucleus (PVH), supraoptic (SON), lateral area (LHA), dorsomedial of hypothalamus (DMH), arcuate (Arc), periventricular (Pe), ventral premammillary (PMV). Intracerebroventricular administration recombinant peptide decreases food intake levels Arc regulated by leptin. Leptin induces Fos expression...
Orexins (also called hypocretins) are peptide neurotransmitters expressed in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).Mice lacking orexin peptides develop narcolepsy-like symptoms, whereas mice with a selective loss hypophagia and severe obesity addition to narcolepsy phenotype.These different phenotypes suggest that may contain besides regulate feeding energy balance.Dynorphin common LHA, dynorphin has been shown influence feeding; hence, we studied whether colocalized.In rats,...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) released from the gut functions as an incretin that stimulates insulin secretion. GLP-1 is also a brain neuropeptide controls feeding and drinking behavior gastric emptying elicits neuroendocrine responses including development of conditioned taste aversion. Although receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are under for treatment diabetes, administration may increase blood pressure heart rate in vivo. We report here centrally peripherally administered GLP-1R...
Acute leptin administration results in a depolarization and concomitant increase the firing rate of subpopulation arcuate proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cells. This rapid activation POMC cells has been implicated as cellular correlate effects on energy balance. In contrast to leptin, insulin inhibits activity some neurons. Several studies have described “cross talk” between within mediobasal hypothalamus via intracellular enzyme, phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Interestingly, both regulate by...
Leptin action on its receptor (LEPR) stimulates energy expenditure and reduces food intake, thereby lowering body weight. One leptin-sensitive target cell mediating these effects balance is the proopiomelano-cortin (POMC) neuron. Recent evidence suggests that of leptin POMC neurons regulates glucose homeostasis independently balance. Here, we have dissected physiological impact direct using a mouse model in which endogenous LEPR expression was prevented by LoxP-flanked transcription blocker...
Drugs activating 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) potently suppress appetite, but the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. To tackle this issue, we generated mice with global 5-HT2CR deficiency (2C null) and 5-HT2CRs re-expression only in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons (2C/POMC mice). We show that null predictably developed hyperphagia, hyperactivity, obesity showed attenuated responses to anorexigenic 5-HT drugs. Remarkably, all deficiencies were...