Our forward-facing eyes allow us the advantage of binocular visual information: using tiny differences between right and left eye views to learn about depth location in three dimensions. systems also contain specialized mechanisms detect motion-in-depth from vision, but nature these remains controversial. Binocular perception could theoretically be based on first detecting disparity then monitoring how it changes over time. The alternative is monitor motion separately compare signals. Here...

The processing of visual information by the nervous system requires significant metabolic resources. To minimize energy needed, our appears to be optimized encode typical natural images as efficiently possible. One consequence this is that some atypical will produce inefficient, non-optimal responses. Here, we show are reported uncomfortable view, and can trigger migraine attacks epileptic seizures, relatively non-sparse responses in a model primary cortex. In comparison with inputs,...

Virtual Reality (VR) applications commonly use the illusion of self-motion (vection) to simulate experiences such as running, driving, or flying. However, this can lead cybersickness, which diminishes experience users, and even disengagement with platform. In paper we present a study in show that users performing cognitive task while experiencing VR rollercoaster reported reduced symptoms cybersickness. Furthermore, collected analysed brain activity data from our participants during their...

Background Migraine is a common neurological condition that often involves differences in visual processing. These sensory processing provide important information about the underlying causes of condition, and for development treatments. Review psychophysical literature Psychophysical experiments have shown consistent impairments contrast sensitivity, orientation acuity, perception global form motion. They also established addition task-irrelevant noise has greater effect, surround...

Abstract Certain visual stimuli, such as striped patterns and filtered noise, have been reported to be uncomfortable. Some noise judged uncomfortable are those with a relative decrease in contrast amplitude at high spatial frequencies, compared the statistics typical of natural images. Decreased frequencies is characteristic often associated perceived blur. Additionally, distribution across also provides cue for accommodation (focusing) response. The purpose this study was investigate...

Abstract Virtual Reality (VR) experienced through head-mounted displays often leads to vection, discomfort and sway in the user. This study investigated effect of motion direction eccentricity on these three phenomena using optic flow patterns displayed Valve Index. Visual stimuli were presented centre, periphery or far moved either depth (back forth) laterally (left right). Overall vection was stronger for compared lateral motion. Additionally, primarily affected moving with more...

Visual discomfort has been reported for certain visual stimuli and under particular viewing conditions, such as stereoscopic viewing. In viewing, can be caused by a conflict between accommodation convergence cues that may specify different distances in depth. Earlier research shown depth-of-field, which is the distance range depth scene perceived to sharp, influences both perception of egocentric focal plane, objects scene. Because depth-of-field also with accommodative state eyes, we raised...

Migraine groups show differences in motion perception compared with controls, when tested between migraine attacks (interictally). This is thought to be due an increased susceptibility stimulus degradation (multiplicative internal noise). Fluctuations alpha-band oscillations are regulate visual perception, and so could provide a mechanism for the multiplicative noise seen migraine. The aim of this article was characterise resting-state (between 8 12 Hz) areas brain control groups. Alpha-band...

Experimental studies on the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of mammals and rodents show that inhibitory interneurons (IN) receive around 47.1% their afferents from retinal spiking neurons, constitute 20-25% LGN cell population. However, there is a definite gap in knowledge about role impact IN thalamocortical dynamics both experimental model-based research. We use neural mass computational model with three populations viz. IN, relay (TCR), thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), to study...

This review describes the subjective experience of visual aura in migraine, outlines theoretical models this phenomenon, and explores how these may be linked to neurochemical, electrophysiological, psychophysical differences sensory processing that have been reported migraine with aura. Reaction-diffusion used model hallucinations thought arise from cortical spreading depolarisation depression One aim is make underlying principles accessible a general readership. Cortical depends on balance...

There is evidence that high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) effective in improving behavioural performance several visual tasks. However, so far there has been limited research into the spatial and temporal characteristics of hf-tRNS-induced facilitatory effects. In present study, electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to investigate dynamics cortical activity modulated by offline hf-tRNS on a motion direction discrimination task. We EEG measure amplitude...

It has been suggested that there may be an imbalance of excitation and inhibitory processes in the visual areas brain people with migraine aura (MA). One idea is thalamocortical dysrhythmia, characterized by disordered oscillations, thus communication between lateral geniculate nucleus cortex. Cross-orientation suppression a task thought to rely on processing, possibly originating nucleus. We measured both resting-state oscillations cross-orientation using EEG over occipital MA healthy...

Abstract Periodic stimuli, such as op‐art, can evoke a range of aversive sensations included in the term visual discomfort. Illusory motion effects are elicited by fixational eye movements, but cortex might also contribute to To investigate this possibility, steady‐state visually evoked responses ( SSVEP s) contrast‐matched op‐art‐based stimuli were measured at same time discomfort judgements. On average, reduced with increasing spatial frequency pattern. In contrast, peak amplitude response...

Although it has been reported that depth of field influences perception in nonstereo photographs, remains unclear how affects under stereo viewing conditions. We showed participants photographs with different depths using a Wheatstone stereoscope and commercially available 3D TV. The depicted scene contained floor, background, measuring probe at locations. Participants drew floor plan the to scale. found perceived decreased decreasing for shallow scenes containing height-in-the-field cue....

Individuals with migraine tend to experience discomfort when viewing flickering stimuli. It has been suggested that one of the characteristics is a lack habituation repetitive visual stimuli, although findings can be mixed. Previous work typically used similar stimuli (chequerboard) and only temporal frequency. This study systematically varied spatial stimulus, using steady-state evoked potentials assess differences in amplitude between control group over consecutive blocks stimulation....

Individuals with migraine show differences in visual perception compared to control groups. It has been suggested that lateral interactions between neurons might account for some of these differences. This study seeks further establish the strength and spatial extent excitatory inhibitory migraine-with-aura using a classic masking task. Observers indicated which two intervals contained centrally presented, vertical Gabor target varying contrast. In separate blocks trials, was presented alone...

Several types of striped patterns have been reported to cause adverse sensations described as visual discomfort. Previous research using op-art-based stimuli has demonstrated that spurious eye movement signals can the experience illusory motion, or shimmering effects, which might be perceived uncomfortable. Whilst effects are one discomfort, another possible contributor discomfort is excessive neural responses: As do not statistical redundancy typical natural images, they perhaps unable...

There are well-documented unimodal sensory differences in migraine compared to control groups both during, and between attacks. is also some evidence of multisensory integration groups, however the literature on this topic more limited. interesting avenues area visual-vestibular integration, which might have practical implications, e.g., motion sickness nausea migraine. Recent work has been investigating possibility visual-auditory migraine, found possible susceptibility sound-induced flash...

Abstract Action video game players (AVGPs) show enhanced visual perceptual functions compared to their non-video playing peers (NVGPs). Whether AVGPs are more susceptible towards static contrast motion illusions, such as Fraser Wilcox has not been addressed so far. Based on improved skills, expected be the illusions and perceive in them. The experience of illusory self-motion (vection) is believed dependent top-down attentional processes; should therefore stronger vection NVGPs based skills....

Certain visual stimuli evoke perceptions of discomfort in non-clinical populations. We investigated the impact previously judged as uncomfortable by populations on a search task. One stimulus that has been shown to affect judgments is noise filtered have particular statistical properties (Juricevic et al, 2010 Perception39 884–899). A second type associated with striped patterns (Wilkins 1984 Brain107 989–1017). These were used backgrounds task, determine their influence performance. Results...

The idea of efficient coding in the visual brain allows for predictions processing various types images, including certain artworks, natural images and uncomfortable images. Efficient is thought to result lower responses compared less processing. efficiency suggested depend on architecture system properties input image. In this study, neural were estimated using EEG across categories a set five abstract photographs computer-generated contrast-matched found be artworks used study lending...