The challenge-hindrance framework has shown that challenge stressors (work characteristics associated with potential personal gain) tend to have positive outcomes, whereas hindrance (those which obstruct goals) negative outcomes. However, typical research methods assume allocated these categories are appraised consistently by different people and across situations. We validate new measures of appraisals demonstrate their utility in stress research.We used a cross-sectional survey American...

Background: Exposure to demands is normally considered drain resources and threaten wellbeing. However, studies have indicated a resilience-strengthening role for stressors.Objectives: This paper introduces unifying model, including five testable hypotheses regarding how resilience can be strengthened progressively via exposure life-stressors.Methods: We review synthesize relevant scholarship that underpins the Systematic Self-Reflection model of resilience-strengthening.Results: The...

This paper explores the potential for certain types of stressors to build resilience in occupational setting. Using challenge-hindrance stressor framework (Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling, & Boudreau, 2000), we propose that challenge have promote capacity resilience, whereas hindrance experienced workplace erode resilient functioning. Employing a 2-wave longitudinal design examined effects and on psychological strain 3 months later. Two-hundred 8 working adults (48.1% female) participated both...

The challenge-hindrance framework has proved useful for explaining inconsistencies in relationships between work stressors and important outcomes.By introducing the distinction threat hindrance to this framework, we capture potential personal harm or loss (threat) associated with stressors, as well block goal attainment (hindrance) promote gain (challenge).In Study 1, survey data were collected from 609 retail workers, 220 of whom responded six months later.The results supported a...

Where occupational performance outcomes are difficult to measure, there is a tendency associate expertise with years of experience and/or previous position. Although useful, these indicators represent composite constructs that embody number different variables, only some which may be strongly associated the transition expertise. In identifying an alternative measure expertise, it necessary consider cognitive processes expert performance, in particular, role cue utilization. The present...

Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia Objective: The authors describe the development of a new, more objective method distinguishing experienced competent nonexpert from expert practitioners within pediatric intensive care. Background: Expert performance involves acquisition and use refined feature-event associations (cues) in operational environment. Competent nonexperts, although experienced, possess rudimentary cue memory. Thus, they cannot respond as efficiently or reliably...

Researchers suggest contextual and personal factors may interact to predict career adaptability that antecedents of have received less research attention. Consequently, we examined the relationship between developmental leadership, optimism, adaptability, potential moderating role optimism. Data were collected from workers pursuing an MBA program in leadership other business courses a Ghanaian University. Results showed optimism relates positively adaptability. Finally, observed for...

This study tests a 3-factor model of occupational stress, which predicts that job demands, control and social support influence levels strain. In laboratory simulation mail sorting, task supports were manipulated systematically. Pre- post-task measures self reported stress arousal compared across groups. Performance was measured continuously during the computer all 120 participants their perceived performance afterwards. Stress found to be higher lower in conditions high demand; this pattern...

We investigated whether the effect of goal difficulty on creativity may be clarified by examining how people appraise their working conditions. In an experiment, 157 undergraduate students completed a divergent thinking task for which was manipulated. Stress appraisals were assessed through self-reports, and evaluated independent judges. Results indicated that difficult goals, although categorized as challenge stressor, can also appraised hindrance and/or threat. Although there direct...

This paper reports three studies of occupational stress investigating the role social support as an intervening variable in Job Strain Model (Karasek, 1979). A computer simulated mail-sorting work environment was used to assess effect demands, control and on measures strain, satisfaction, perceived actual task performance. The first experiment ( N =60) tests basic by manipulating levels demand control. second =120) compares high low two types (informational emotional support) determine...

An experimental trial is reported that compares 2 stress management intervention programs and a waitlist control. Both involved training in problem-focused strategies of identifying changing the sources stress. One contained additional content on how to display more personal initiative (PI). sessions held 1 week apart, each session lasting 3-4 hr. Strain was measured before at 7 13 weeks after initial session. Results show both were effective reducing strain, whereas group showed no change...

Background: To date, little attention has been paid to the processes by which resilience is developed, and how likelihood of a resilient outcome may be enhanced over life course. Objective: This study investigates potential for adaptive systematic self-reflection support development situation via stressor exposure. Design: An experimental randomized controlled design was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned either Systematic Self-reflection intervention (n = 61) or disengagement...

Problem-solving demands have been shown to exert both positive and negative effects on employees. We examined whether these inconsistencies could be explained by the way people appraise (interpret) their problem-solving demands, either as a challenge or threat. proposed cross-level moderated mediation model whereby of range proactive behaviours (i.e. innovation, problem prevention, voice, undermining) would mediated stress appraisals psychological safety climate. Surveys were administered...

Karesek's demand–control model has been extremely influential and is widely used to predict a range of health outcomes, yet there have comparatively few intervention studies relatively little evidence its impact on the design work improve health. This article discusses tension between meeting need for psychosocial factors outcomes which simple enough be theoretically useful in multidisciplinary research over wide occupations specific generate information influence policies guide...

Sensemaking forms the foundation of expertise as it comprises initial stage information processing that influences judgement and decision-making. Two related studies were undertaken to investigate role cues in context expert project management. First, a qualitative study was conducted using critical incident technique involving nine managers who had successfully delivered projects. The data analysed by identifying incidents associated used basis sensemaking project-related situations. These...

To date, there is a paucity of research on team-level impacts the individual stress appraisal process despite recognised role teams for solving problems. Applying multilevel approach, this study investigates cross-level impact team problem prevention behaviours employee appraisals problem-solving demands. It was hypothesised that would moderate individual-level relationship between demands and appraisals. Data were collected from 43 work comprised 192 members including all leaders who also...

Background and objectives: Drawing upon transactional theory, this study examined the interactive effects of daily problem-prevention behaviors an aspect personality relevant to stress responses (i.e., behavioral activation) on next-day appraisals problem-solving demands.Design methods: Data were collected from 188 employees across a range industries using initial survey collect information personality, followed by twice-daily surveys over five consecutive work days measure...

The readback/hearback protocol is a radio procedure intended to reduce communication errors in technical industries. It consists of the delivery an instruction receiver, and readback that by receiver confirm sender it has been heard accurately. does not, however, ensure understood instruction. Using 2 samples within electricity transmission control, present research explored whether prosodic cues listeners use interpret uncertainty are also used judge perceived have Rising intonation filled...

ABSTRACT The readback/hearback loop is a communicative protocol used in many high-risk environments to ensure that verbal instruction has been heard correctly by receiver. However, it does not necessarily an understood . Using international sample of hydroelectric power generation controllers, this study examined whether particular linguistic (complete and partial readbacks) prosodic (final intonation, filler, interturn delay) cues contained within readback response could signal listeners...