We review the use of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) in field ultrafast gas-based nonlinear optics, including recent experiments, numerical modeling, and a discussion future prospects. Concentrating on broadband guiding kagome-style PCF, we describe its potential for moving conventional fiber optics both into extreme regimes—such as few-cycle pulse compression efficient deep ultraviolet wavelength generation—and regimes hitherto inaccessible, such single-mode guidance photoionized...

We report an ultrafast laser mode-locked with a graphene saturable absorber. The linear dispersions of the Dirac electrons in enable wideband tunability. get ∼1 ps pulses, tunable between 1525 and 1559 nm, stable mode-locking, insensitive to environmental perturbations.

Optical fibers provide much more than a means to transport light between different locations. This article reviews how integration of functional fluid, solid, and gaseous materials in photonic crystal enables control their linear nonlinear properties with applications optoelectronics, sensing, laser science.

Although supercontinuum sources are readily available for the visible and near infrared (IR), recently also mid-IR, many areas of biology, chemistry, physics would benefit greatly from availability compact, stable, spectrally bright deep-ultraviolet vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) sources. Such have, however, not yet been developed. Here we report generation a supercontinuum, spanning more than three octaves 124 nm to beyond 1200 nm, in hydrogen-filled kagome-style hollow-core photonic crystal...

We report the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers with a continuously-decreasing zero-dispersion wavelength along their length. These tapered are designed to extend generation supercontinuum spectra from visible into ultraviolet. on performance when pumped both nanosecond and picosecond sources at 1.064 microm. The have spectral width (measured 10 dB points) extending 0.372 microm beyond 1.75 In an optimal configuration flat (3 dB) spectrum 395 850 nm, minimum power density 2 mW/nm was...

We demonstrate continuous wave supercontinuum generation extending to the visible spectral region by pumping photonic crystal fibers at 1.07 microm with a 400 W single mode, wave, ytterbium fiber laser. The continuum spans over 1300 nm average powers up 50 and power densities mW/nm. Numerical modeling understanding of physical mechanisms has led us identify dominant contribution short wavelength extension be trapping scattering dispersive waves high energy solitons.

An efficient and tunable 176-550 nm source based on the emission of resonant dispersive radiation from ultrafast solitons at 800 is demonstrated in a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF). By careful optimization appropriate choice gas, informed by detailed numerical simulations, we show that bright, high quality, localized bands UV light (relative widths few percent) can be generated all wavelengths across this range. Pulse energies more than 75 nJ deep-UV, with relative...

By using a gas-filled kagome-style photonic crystal fiber, nonlinear fiber optics is studied in the regime of optically induced ionization. The offers low anomalous dispersion over broad bandwidth and loss. Sequences blueshifted pulses are emitted when 65 fs, few-microjoule pulses, corresponding to high-order solitons, launched into undergo self-compression. experimental results confirmed by numerical simulations which suggest that free-electron densities ∼10(17) cm(-3) achieved at peak...

We show theoretically that the photoionization process in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with Raman-inactive noble gas leads to constant acceleration of solitons time domain continuous shift higher frequencies, limited only by ionization loss. This phenomenon is opposite well-known Raman self-frequency redshift solid-core glass fibers. also predict existence unconventional long-range nonlocal soliton interactions leading spectral and temporal clustering. Furthermore, if core...

We demonstrate that mode-locking of ytterbium fiber lasers with a carbon nanotube saturable absorber can produce pulses ranging from 20 ps to 2 ns at repetition rates between 21 MHz and 177 kHz, respectively, depending on cavity length. Nonlinear polarization evolution is not responsible for mode-locking. Even in the nanosecond regime, clean single are observed pulse train exhibits low jitter. Combined extremely large chirp, these properties suited chirped-pulse amplification systems.

We report on the generation of a three-octave-wide supercontinuum extending from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to near-infrared, spanning at least 113 1000 nm (i.e., 11 1.2 eV), in He-filled hollow-core kagome-style photonic crystal fiber. Numerical simulations confirm that main mechanism is novel and previously undiscovered interaction between dispersive-wave emission plasma-induced blueshifted soliton recompression around fiber zero dispersion frequency. The VUV part supercontinuum, which...

Although ultraviolet (UV) light is important in many areas of science and technology, there are very few if any lasers capable delivering wavelength-tunable ultrashort UV pulses at MHz repetition rates. Here we report the generation deep-UV laser rates \mu J-energies by means dispersive wave (DW) emission from self-compressed solitons gas-filled single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (SR-PCF). Pulses an ytterbium (~300 fs) first compressed to ~25 fs a SR-PCF-based nonlinear...

The physics and applications of fiber-based supercontinuum (SC) sources have been a subject intense interest over the last decade, with significant impact on both basic science industry. New uses for SC are also constantly emerging due to their unique properties that combine high brightness, multi-octave frequency bandwidth, fiber delivery, single-mode output. few years seen research efforts focused extending wavelength coverage towards 2 20 $\mu$m molecular fingerprint mid-infrared (MIR)...

We report on the complete temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses, generated by resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-capillary fibers, with energy microjoule range and continuously tunable from deep-ultraviolet to ultraviolet. Temporal such ultrabroad particularly challenging this spectral region, was performed using an all-in-vacuum setup for self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating (SD-FROG). Sub-3-fs pulses were measured, 250 nm 350 nm, a minimum pulse...

A 29 W CW supercontinuum spanning from 1.06 to 1.67 µm is generated in a short length of PCF with two zero dispersion wavelengths.The continuum has the highest spectral power density, greater than 50 mW/nm up 1.4 µm, reported date.The use enables expand beyond water loss at µm.The dynamics evolution are studied experimentally and numerically close attention given effects second wavelength.

Supercontinuum generation in optical fibres pumped with high power pulse sources the modulation instability regime is reviewed. The physical mechanisms and supercontinuum dynamics are described detail. Routes to optimized output terms of spectral flatness particularly blue ultraviolet extent presented, including use cascaded tapered photonic crystal fibres.

We evaluate the shape and chirp of nanosecond pulses from a fiber laser passively mode locked with nanotube-based saturable absorber by using synchronously scanning streak camera monochromator to directly measure pulse spectrogram. show that stable sech2 output possesses predominantly linear chirp, residual quartic phase low noise. Comparison analytical mode-locking theory shows good quantitative agreement master equation model.

We introduce a general full-field propagation equation for optical waveguides, including both fundamental and higher order modes, apply it to the investigation of spatial nonlinear effects ultrafast extremely broadband processes in hollow-core fibers. The model is used describe pulse gas-filled waveguides full dispersion, Kerr, ionization effects. study third-harmonic generation into soliton emission resonant dispersive waves intermodal four-wave mixing, Kerr-driven transverse self-focusing...

We numerically investigate the effect of ionization on ultrashort high-energy pulses propagating in gas-filled kagomé-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fibers by solving an established uni-directional field equation. consider dynamics two distinct regimes: induced blue-shift and resonant dispersive wave emission deep-UV. illustrate how system evolves between these regimes changing influence ionization. Finally, we higher stages.

We demonstrate temporal pulse compression in gas-filled kagomé hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using two different approaches: fiber-mirror based on self-phase modulation under normal dispersion, and soliton effect self-compression anomalous dispersion with a decreasing pressure gradient. In the first, efficient to near-transform-limited pulses from 103 10.6 fs was achieved at output energies of 10.3 μJ. second, 24 6.8 6.6 μJ, also shapes. The results illustrate potential kagomé-PCF...

Compression of 250-fs, 1-μJ pulses from a KLM Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator down to 9.1 fs is demonstrated. A kagomé-PCF with 36-μm core-diameter used pressure gradient 0 40 bar krypton. 22 achieved by 1200 fs2 group-delay-dispersion provided chirped mirrors. By coupling the output into second 25 argon, octave spanning spectral broadening via soliton-effect observed at 18-W average power. Self-compression measured, compressibility 5 predicted. Also strong emission in visible dispersive wave...

Gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibre is being used to generate ever wider supercontinuum spectra, in particular via dispersive wave emission the deep and vacuum ultraviolet, with a multitude of applications. Dispersive waves are result nonlinear transfer energy from self-compressed soliton, process that relies crucially on phase-matching. It was recently predicted that, strong-field regime, additional transient anomalous dispersion introduced by gas ionization would allow...