A5074583130- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Bird parasitology and diseases
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Helminth infection and control
- Myxozoan Parasites in Aquatic Species
- Leech Biology and Applications
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Turtle Biology and Conservation
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity
University of Bergen
2012-2023
Université de Picardie Jules Verne
2007-2022
Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés
2007-2022
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2005-2022
University of Oxford
2012
Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive
2005-2009
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
2008-2009
Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique
2008-2009
An increasing number of scientists have recently raised concerns about the threat posed by human intervention on evolution parasites and disease agents. New (including pathogens) keep emerging which previously were considered to be 'under control' are re-emerging, sometimes in highly virulent forms. This re-emergence may parasite evolution, driven activity, including ecological changes related modern agricultural practices. Intensive farming creates conditions for growth transmission...
Background Variation in the behavioural repertoire of animals is acquired by learning a range animal species. In nest-building birds, assemblage nest materials an appropriate structure often typical bird genus or Yet plasticity selection may be beneficial because nature and abundance vary across habitats. Such can learned, either individually socially. Corsican populations blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, females regularly add their nests fragments several species aromatic plants during whole...
The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas science is drastically slowed hindered by a lack standards networking programmes. Long-term studies individually marked animals are not an exception. These especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary ecological processes wild. Furthermore, their number global distribution provides unique opportunity to assess generality patterns address broad-scale issues (e.g. climate change). To solve enable new scale...
Significance In many monogamous species, a substantial proportion of offspring is sired by other males than the one providing care at nest. Although females often solicit extra-pair mating, benefits copulations to are not fully understood. this study on pied flycatchers, we tested whether paternity in neighboring nests may have affected likelihood that helped defend against predators. We found sires were more engaged and invested heavily cooperative predator defense without offspring. For...
Using measures of research productivity to assess academic performance puts women at a disadvantage because gender roles and unconscious biases, operating both home in academia, can affect productivity. The impact the COVID-19 pandemic on has been subject number studies, including studies based surveys numbers articles submitted and/or published journals. Here, we combine results 55 that compared men women; 17 were surveys, 38 article counts, total effect sizes was 130. We find gap increased...
Abstract Models of virulence evolution for horizontally transmitted parasites often assume that transmission rate (the probability an infected host infects a susceptible host) and increase in mortality due to infection) are positively correlated, because higher rates production propagules may cause more damages the host. However, empirical support this assumption is scant limited microparasites. To fill gap, we explored relationships between parasite life history salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus...
Parasites rely on resources from a host and are selected to achieve an optimal combination of transmission virulence. Human-induced changes in parasite ecology, such as intensive farming hosts, might not only favour increased abundances, but also alter the selection acting parasites lead life-history evolution. The trade-off between virulence could be affected by practices high density use antiparasitic drugs, which some host-parasite systems. To test this, we therefore infected Atlantic...
Using a dynamic optimisation model for juvenile fish in stochastic food environments, we investigate optimal hormonal regulation, energy allocation and foraging behaviour of growing host infected by parasite that only incurs an energetic cost. We find it the to have higher levels orexin, growth thyroid hormones, resulting activity levels, increased faster growth. This strategy thus displays several fingerprints often associated with manipulation: metabolic growth, reserves (i.e....
Nesting birds use several behavioural or physiological defence mechanisms against parasites. On Corsica, female blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus incorporate fresh fragments of a limited number aromatic plants in the nest cup, from end construction until fledging. Some these negatively affect bacterial growth and host location by blood-sucking mosquitoes laboratory conditions. In natural populations, Corsican tit chicks are exposed to highest levels ectoparasitic blow flies Protocalliphora spp....
Abstract Organisms are expected to respond alterations in their survival by evolutionary changes life history traits. As agriculture and aquaculture have become increasingly intensive the past decades, there has been growing interest effects on histories of agri‐ aquacultural pests, parasites, pathogens. In this study, we used salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) explore how modern farming might affected evolution parasites. We infected hosts with from either farmed or unfarmed locations,...
Abstract Standardized long‐term multi‐plot investigations of variation in nest size free‐ranging model species are rare, despite their value for understanding how the environment influences plastic traits such as size. Here, we report results an 18‐yr descriptive study first clutches produced by secondary‐cavity nesting great tits ( Parus major ) and blue Cyanistes caeruleus Mediterranean, whilst also taking individual (lay‐date, clutch size, age, species) environmental characteristics (e.g....
Behavioural ecologists have for decades investigated the adaptive value of extra‐pair copulation (EPC) females socially monogamous species. Despite extensive effort testing genetic benefits, there now seems to be a consensus that so‐called ‘good genes’ effects are at most weak. In parallel search direct benefits has mostly focused on period surrounding egg laying, thus neglecting potential correlates EPC might expressed later stages in breeding cycle. Here we used Bayesian methods analyse...
Increasing awareness that parasitism is an essential component of nearly all aspects ecosystem functioning, as well a driver biodiversity, has led to rising interest in the consequences climate change terms and disease spread. Yet empirical knowledge on extent ways which climatic factors affect parasite prevalence intensities remains scarce. In 18-year, multi-site, correlative study we investigated contributions weather variables other spatio-temporal variation infestation by blowfly...
Abstract Aggregation is commonly observed for macroparasites, but its adaptive value remains unclear. Heavy infestations intensities may lead to a decrease in some fitness‐related traits of parasites (e.g. parasite fecundity or survival). However, dioecious parasite, increased aggregation could also increase the chance finding individuals opposite sex. In laboratory experiment, we tested if previous experience with salmon lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis ) affected susceptibility Atlantic...
Aggregation is common amongst parasites, where a small number of hosts carry large proportion parasites. This could result in density-dependent effects on parasite fitness. In laboratory study, we explored whether load affected fecundity and survival, using ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) infecting Atlantic (Salmo salar) hosts. We found significant reduction with higher load, but no effect survival. Together previous findings, this suggests that stronger...
Abstract Increasing awareness that parasitism is an essential component of nearly all aspects ecosystem functioning, as well a driver biodiversity, has led to rising interest in the consequences climate change terms and disease spread. Yet empirical knowledge on extent ways which climatic factors affect parasite prevalence intensities remains scarce. In 18-year, multi-site, correlative study we investigated contributions weather variables other spatio-temporal variation infestation by...
Abstract Evolutionary theory predicts that infection by a parasite reduces future host survival or fecundity should select for increased investment in current reproduction. In this study, we use the cestode Ligula intestinalis and its intermediate fish Engraulicypris sardella Wissman Bay, Lake Nyasa (Tanzania), as model system. Using data about of E. hosts L. collected period 10 years, explored whether affects , reproductive has at expense somatic growth. We found had strong negative effect...
We present a life-history model based on the assumptions that juvenile survival follows negative exponential function and fecundity gain increases linearly with time to maturity. This predicts optimal fitness is achieved when at maturity 0.368 (e(-1)). Survival of therefore an invariant. tested this prediction by using published data from infection experiments mammalian nematodes, where both initial number juveniles colonizing habitat (host) numbers surviving maturation were known. found...