Abstract There has been remarkable development in the scope and quality of rock climbing recent years. However, there are scant data on anthropometry, strength, endurance flexibility climbers. The aim this study was to compare these characteristics three groups subjects – elite climbers, recreational climbers non‐climbers. 30 male were aged 28.8 ± 8.1 (x s.d. Group 1 (n = 10) comprised who had led a climb minimum standard ‘El’ (E1‐E9 highest grades) within previous 12 months; 2 achieved no...

The aim of this study was to compare the results from a Cooper walk run test, multistage shuttle and submaximal cycle test with direct measurement maximum oxygen uptake on treadmill. Three predictive tests uptake--linear extrapolation heart rate VO2 collected ergometer (predicted L/E), 12 min walk, multi-stage progressive (MST)--were performed by 22 young healthy males (mean(s.d.) age 22.1 (2.4) years; body mass 72.4(8.9kg)) values compared those obtained maximal treadmill test. All subjects...

There is limited information on the anthropometry, strength, endurance and flexibility of female rock climbers. The aim this study was to compare these characteristics in three groups females: Group 1 comprised 10 elite climbers aged 31.3 ± 5.0 years (mean s ) who had led a standard ‘hard very severe’; 2 consisted recreational 24.1 4.0 ‘;severe’; 3 physically active individuals 28.5 not previously rock-climbed. tests included finger strength (grip measured climbing-specific apparatus),...

The aim of the study was to examine several physiological responses a climbing-specific task identify determinants endurance in sport rock climbing. Finger strength and intermediate climbers (n = 11) non-climbers 9) were compared using apparatus. After maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) trials, two isometric tests performed at 40% (s 2.5%) MVC until volitional exhaustion (continuous contractions intermittent 10 s, with 3 s rest between contractions). Changes muscle blood oxygenation volume...

The aim of this study was to investigate feedback control strategies for integration electric motor assist and functional electrical stimulation (FES) paraplegic cycling, with particular focus on development a testbed exercise testing in FES which both cycling cadence workrate are simultaneously well controlled contemporary physiological measures performance derived. A second the possible benefits approach mobile, recreational cycling.A recumbent tricycle an auxiliary is used, adapted users,...

Abstract In 2004 a new contract was introduced for General Practitioners in the UK, which significant element of ‘pay‐for‐performance’, including both clinical and organisational targets. The introduction this has caused interest across world, particularly amongst those responsible commissioning primary care services. It can be argued that targets (known as Quality Outcomes Framework, QOF) represent move towards more biomedical model health illness, is contrary to ideal providing holistic...

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between a number physiological variables and running velocity at 3 km (v-3km) in group male runners. Sixteen well-trained middle- long-distance runners (mean - s: age 22.4- 4.2 years, body mass 63.5 6.2 kg, VO 2 max 73.3 6.7 ml kg -1 min ) underwent laboratory treadmill tests determine their maximum oxygen uptake (VO max), economy three submaximal velocities (12.9, 14.5 16.1 h or 14.5, 17 ), predicted (v T lac V O lactate...

Many exercise protocols are in use clinical cardiology, but no single test is applicable to the wide range of patients9 capacity. A new protocol was devised that starts at a low workload and increases by 15% previous every minute. This first be based on exponential rather than linear increments workload. The (standardised protocol, STEEP) suitable for either treadmill or bicycle ergometer. compared with standard 30 healthy male volunteers, each whom performed four tests: STEEP protocols,...

Abstract The 2004 new General Medical Services (nGMS) contract exemplifies trends across the public services towards increased definition, measurement and regulation of professional work, with general practice income now largely dependent on quality care provided a range clinical organisational indicators known collectively as ‘Quality Outcomes Framework’ (QOF). This paper reports an ethnographically based study impact financial incentives contained within it boundaries in UK practice....

Medication safety in healthcare settings is a persistent problem, and children may be at greater risk of harm than adults. Most existing research examining medication for hospitalised from the perspective professionals organisations. This study aimed to ethnographically explore parent staff perspectives on role parents paediatric hospital setting. 230 h ethnographic observation 19 semi-structured interviews with clinical were conducted over wards three acute hospitals Northern England...

The aim of this study was to compare sprint performance over 10 and 20 m when participants ran while towing resistances, weighing between 0 30% body mass. sample 33 consisted male rugby soccer players (age 21.1 ± 1.8 years, mass 83.6 13.1 kg, height 1.82 0.1 m; mean s). Each participant performed two sets seven sprints using a Latin rectangular design. times were recorded at electronic speed gates. 13 video-recorded allow calculation stride length frequency. For both sprints, quadratic...

Abstract Background There is wide variation in antibiotic prescribing across care-homes for older people, with implications resident outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. Objective To quantify associations resident, care-home general practice characteristics. Design Population-based analyses using administrative data. Setting subjects 148 two Scottish regions, 6633 residents registered 139 practices. Methods Prescriptions any broad-spectrum antibiotics between 1 April 2016 31 March 2017...

Abstract Ethnography in the study of public service organizations is gaining acceptance, but practice ethnography changing line with epistemological concerns and new organizational realities. We outline a move away from as participant observation micro process spatially bounded settings. Work contemporary embedded relationships that cross boundaries, are not just between people, also people human artefacts such IT systems. ‘Multi-sited’ an approach to understand manage ‘the organization’...

The aim of this study was to compare the climbing-specific finger endurance climbers, rowers and aerobically leg trained athletes. Twenty-seven males aged 21.2±2.2 years (mean±s) volunteered for study. participants were intermediate rock climbers (n = 9), 9) athletes 9). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) determined on apparatus. Endurance isometric exercise performed at 40% MVC in three tests a random order: (1) sustained exercise; (2) 6 s exercise, 4 rest; (3) 18 12 rest. Pre-...

Abstract Prescribing is the most common healthcare intervention, and both beneficial risky. An important source of risk in UK general practice management ‘repeat prescriptions’, which are typically requested from issued by non‐clinically trained reception staff with only intermittent reauthorisation a clinical prescriber. This paper ethnographically examines formal informal work employed GP s receptionists to safely conduct repeat prescribing primary care using Strauss's (1985, 1988, 1993)...

Objectives: To compare the physiological responses and ratings of perceived exertion to aerobic dance walking sessions completed at a self selected pace. Methods: Six women six men with sample mean (SD) age 68 (7) years in random order. A treadmill test was performed by each subject from which peak oxygen uptake (V̇ o 2 ) maximum heart rates (HRmax) were determined. During sessions, rate V̇ measured continuously throughout. Rate (RPE) every three minutes throughout session. Results: The...

Background: Exercise during dialysis (EDD) in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has been documented as an effective intervention to improving a patient's aerobic capacity. Aims: This pilot study aimed confirm physiological improvements, establish its safety and practicality form guidelines for long-term study, leading the integration of EDD ESRD therapy. Methods: A total 17 patients on hospital haemodialysis were recruited: ten exercisers (age 42.4 ± 12.6) six controls 41.0 8.3). Both groups...