Plants differ in tissue localization of nitrate reduction and assimilation. Some species reduce primarily the leaves, whereas other localize assimilation roots. We determined how is partitioned among stems roots poplar (Populus tremula L. × P. alba L.) by comparing differences vivo reductase activity (NRA), abundance concentration. Compared with or roots, NRA was greater highest leaf found young leaves. Leaf root increased increasing supply, stem remained constant. at least 10-fold than all...

Small-scale fruit and vegetable growers increasingly use high tunnels to expand production windows exploit demand for local produce. Day-neutral cultivars, tunnels, low targeted heating were investigated in North Logan, UT (lat. 41.766° N, 1405 m elevation, 119 freeze-free days) extend the availability of strawberries. cultivars Albion, Evie 2, Seascape, Tribute spring-planted an annual hill system both inside outside tunnels. Within root zone tested replicated plots. During summer months,...

Introduction Automated plant-based measurements of water stress have the potential to advance precision irrigation in orchard crops. Previous studies shown correlations between sap flow, line variable differential transform (LVDT) dendrometers and fruit tree drought response. Here we report season-long automated measurement maximum daily change trunk diameter using band heated needles measure a simplified flow index (SFI). Methods Measurements were made on two apple cultivars that stressed...

‘Navaho’ and ‘Apache’ blackberry plants were maintained at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C in growth chambers to determine optimum temperature for budbreak flowering (fewest days flowering). In a separate experiment, bloom dates observed collection of 117 Rubus genotypes over four seasons. Using these phenological data, predictive linear curvilinear models tested using range cardinal temperatures. The chamber experiment indicated temperatures 25.6 29.2 ‘Navaho’. For the field observations, time...

High tunnels have been used successfully in many areas of the world to extend growing season for numerous crops. However, very little research has conducted evaluate extension benefits offered by high small fruit crops high-elevation such as Intermountain West region United States. The use was investigated North Logan, UT (lat. 41.766 N, elev. 1405 m, 119 freeze-free days) June-bearing strawberries. Growing systems included a fall-planted annual hill system and vertical two different...

The effects of NAA, BA, or Accel on CO 2 assimilation shoot leaves mature bearing Redchief `Delicious' and `Empire' apple ( Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were evaluated over two seasons. BA at 50 mg·L -1 did not significantly affect any the gas-exchange parameters measured. NAA (15 ) consistently suppressed rate (from ≈10% to 24% below that control). This suppression was NAA-concentration dependent, continued for >15 days after treatment, completely overcome in `Empire', but only...

Mature tart cherry ( Prunus cerasus L. ‘Montmorency’) trees in a commercial orchard were subjected to irrigation deficits from pit hardening harvest during the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Irrigation treatments ranged 30% 100% of commercially managed application rate deficit period. Midday stem water potential measurements significantly different among before harvest. However, fresh weight yield at did not differ either year P = 0.64). In 2008, amount undersized fruit eliminated packout was higher...

Trials were established at two locations to evaluate weed control provided by mulches and organic herbicides alone or in combination. Mulch treatments included barley straw, pine wood chips, paper, no mulch (bare-ground control). Herbicide three organically certified herbicides: lemon grass oil (14% v/v), clove (8% rates of acetic acid (10 15% v/v). Other pelargonic (7% glyphosate (1.06 kg ai/ha), no-herbicide (control). Individual herbicide applied according pressure determined every 7 10...

In northern climates where the growing season is shortened by cool spring conditions, high tunnels make it possible to plant and produce tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) at least 1 month earlier than in field. However, limited high-tunnel research has been performed arid high-elevation regions that experience extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations. High are designed be passively heated; therefore, additional protection from frost may warranted if growers wish significantly normal. Low...

Anticipating the phaseout of methyl bromide, USDA-ARS small fruit breeding program at Beltsville, Md., discontinued soil fumigation in strawberry and selection trials mid 1990s. To address resulting weed pathogen pests, a modified or advanced matted row system was developed. This uses row-type culture, established on raised beds with subsurface drip irrigation organic mulch. The mulch is residue killed cover crop that fixes some nitrogen provides an economical, biodegradable for suppressing...

Balancing vegetative growth with fruiting is a primary concern in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production. Where nursery plant selection and preconditioning are inadequate for runner control, additional approaches needed. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor prohexadione-Ca (commercial formulation Apogee) was tested over two seasons suppressing fall runners of `Chandler' plug plants cold-climate annual hill production system. Prohexadione-Ca applied as foliar spray at active...

Treerow vegetation abundance and biodiversity were measured in response to six orchard floor management strategies organic peach northern Utah for three growing seasons. A total of 32 weed species observed the treerow; most common field bindweed, dandelion, perennial grasses (e.g., red fescue ryegrass), clovers, prickly lettuce. Weed biomass was two five times greater unmanaged (living mulch) than manipulated treatments. Tillage greatly reduced weeds approximately one month; however,...

Bark storage proteins (BSP) store nitrogen (N) translocated from senescing leaves in autumn, and supply reduced N for spring growth. Expression of bsp BSP accumulation are associated with short day photoperiod. To determine if photoperiod-associated expression varies among poplars native to different latitudes, Populus deltoides Bartr. clones originating six latitudes were grown under natural conditions at a common location. Relative amounts mRNA these measured 2-week intervals August 7...

The effect of altered red/far-red light environment on subsequent field performance strawberry plug plants was tested. Two wavelength-selective plastic films were compared to neutral shade and full-sun control for conditioning `Chandler' before transplanting a winter production system. following year, `Chandler', `Sweet Charlie', `Allstar' conditioned under the same treatments, with addition continuous incandescent short-day photoperiod, plant followed in system Florida, cold-climate annual...

Tissue-culture derived mother plants were established in a greenhouse suspended-gutter, nutrient-film technique growing system to evaluate runner tip productivity the system. Effects of cultivar (`Allstar', `Chandler', `Latestar', `Northeaster', and USDA selection B 27) duration (0, 1, or 2 months) cold storage at 1 °C on viability, rooting success, performance fruit production determined. The average number weight tips produced gutter system, capacity form cohesively rooted plug plants,...