Soil application of biochars has been shown to effectively immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs). water regime can also affect PTE availability. No previous studies have examined the interactive effect and soil on Pb Therefore, this study investigated high low temperature (300 600 °C) derived from cow manure (CB), municipal compost (MB) licorice root pulp (LB) applied at 3 wt%, under two moisture regimes (field capacity (FC) saturation (ST)) release kinetics chemical fractions in a...

The present research was conducted to determine iron, manganese, zinc, and copper availability in 59 calcareous soils of southern Iran; find relationships between micronutrient some major soil properties; predict the from physiographic position, development, climatic condition. Experiments were done by equilibration 10 g sample with 20 ml DTPA extractant for 2 h. Results indicated that DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu ranged 2.2–90.0, 0.6–15.4, 0.2–12.2, 0.6–5.4 mg kg−1, respectively....

Zeolite and vermicompost applications to soil may improve K fertility of soils. For this purpose, these materials were added five representative calcareous soils collected from southern Iran. The treatments included (1) control, (2) 20 g/kg zeolite, (3) vermicompost, (4) + zeolite (1:1). samples incubated for 90 days, the concentrations soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable release rate 0.01M CaCl2 during 240 min (16 successive 15 extractions with solution) determined. Results indicated...

Potassium fixation capacity and mineralogical analysis of 24 representative soils, collected from southern Iran, were studied. was performed by adding six rates K 0 to 1000 mg kg−1 soil in a plastic beaker shaking for h. Mineralogical showed that the clay fractions dominated smectite, chlorite, mica, palygorskite, vermiculite quartz. In general, studied soils fixed 8.5–55% added K. The potassium significantly correlated with smectite content (r 2 = 0.87), 0.60), cation-exchange 0.79)...

Biochar as an eco-friendly substance, depending on its origin and production conditions, may have significant effects soil properties, nutrient availability K dynamics of arid semi-arid soils. Biochars produced from wheat corn residues, pyrolyzed at 250, 450 650 °C during 2, 4 8 h, were applied to four representative calcareous First, 2 g each biochar was added 100 incubated under field capacity for 90 days. Then the samples analyzed fractions. All biochars increased CEC, ECe available K, P,...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect maize straw biochar (MSB), cotton residue (CRB) and wheat (WSB) application (1.5% wt.) on Cd immobilisation in a light-textured calcareous soil with varying levels Cd-contamination. Application all three crop biochars were found significantly enhance sandy loam soil. Cotton by far most effective for reducing more labile soluble exchangeable (WsEx-Cd) (−44.4%) carbonate (Car-Cd) (−44.7%) fractions increasing less available residual (Res-Cd)...

A two-year field trial was set up to investigate the effects of applying 3 tons ha

Different K pools in 197 surface and subsurface soil samples of southern Iran were determined to accurately assess factors affecting distribution. Mineralogical analysis indicated that smectite, mica, chlorite, palygorskite the major minerals clay fractions. We obtained significant relationships between exchangeable, non-exchangeable, mineral, total with mica content, CEC, calcium carbonate equivalent, content. Although many researchers have stated mineralogical composition determines status...

The release of non-exchangeable potassium from 16 calcareous soils collected southern Iran was examined. For this study, a method used involving total 14 successive 15-min extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2 as an extractant. Cumulative released in the range 144–509 mg kg−1 for surface and 115–445 subsurface soils. studied were categorized into two groups based on cumulative K released, clay mineralogy soil taxonomy. (I): Smectitic including Vertisols, Vertic subgroups some Alfisols Inceptisols;...

Amounts of potassium (K) fixed in soil fractions 10 calcareous soils southern Iran were measured to evaluate the contributions different size K fixation. Soil particles fractionated after dispersion with an ultrasonic probe. Potassium fixation analysis was done by addition 1000 mg K/kg samples. Mineralogy determined X-ray diffraction. The clay dominated smectite, chlorite, mica, and palygorskite. capacities ranged from 104 148 mg/kg for clay, 102 155 silt, 96 187 sand fractions. A positive...

Biochars are cost effective, carbonaceous amendments that can immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils. Application of silicon (Si) has been shown to mitigate the effect soil PTEs on plants. Studies interaction effects Si and biochars PTE-contaminated soils limited. Thus, aim this study was investigate biochars, from sheep manure (SMB) rice husk (RHB) produced at 300 500 °C, 2 levels (as sodium (Na) metasilicate), growth chemical composition corn (Zea mays) a nickel...

Experiments were conducted on 48 representative surface and subsurface soils collected from different climatic physiographic conditions in southern Iran to assess factors affecting potassium (K) release find the best fitting models describe kinetics of K 0.01 m CaCl2. Mineralogical analysis showed that smectite, mica, chlorite, palygorskite main clay minerals studied soils, whereas quartz, feldspars abundant silt sand fractions. Results indicated cumulative released ranged 26.7 260 mg/kg...

The release of non-exchangeable potassium from 24 calcareous soils divergent mineralogy, southern Iran, was examined. Sand, silt and clay particles were fractionated after dispersion with an ultrasonic probe. Samples extracted 0.01 M CaCl2 for 30 successive 2-h periods. fraction released the largest amount K in each soil. Cumulative ranged 175 to 723, 35 128, 71 146 mg kg−1 contributing 20–90, 4–39 2–54% clay, sand fractions, respectively. lower proportion fractions can be explained by...

This study investigated the adsorption behavior of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Ni) under single multi-metal conditions by a light textured calcareous soil amended with plant residue biochars (corn straw, wheat rice husk licorice root pulp each at 3% w/w). The Freundlich isotherm best described metal suggesting multilayer adsorption. For all treatments both conditions, capacity followed order Pb > Cu Ni, which was associated hydrolysis constant, ionic radius, electronegativity these...

Hamid Reza Boostani*a, Ailsa G. Hardieb & Mahdi Najafi-Ghiriaa Department of Range and Watershed Management, College Agriculture Natural Resources Darab, Shiraz University, Iranb Soil Science, Faculty AgriSciences, Stellenbosch Matieland, South Africa

Conversion of manures to vermicompost and biochar may alleviate some negative effects manure application soil but the efficiency produced as compared their feedstocks is not well-known. In current investigation, we sheep its derived (pyrolyzed at 400°C for 4 h) on properties a calcareous that planted with five cultivars barley (Behrokh, Khatam, Reyhaneh03, Fajr 30 Nimrooz) 60 days. Different availability nutrients yield were determined after plant harvest. The significantly increased rather...

The study was conducted to evaluate different forms of K, and release fixation characteristics 12 representative calcareous Vertisols southern Iran. Mineralogical analysis indicated that smectite the main clay mineral in Vertisols, but some had chlorite, illite, palygorskite, as well fraction. Soluble, exchangeable, HNO3-extractable, total K ranged from 0.4 11.7 mg kg−1, 127.1 435.6 839.7 1942.4 4971.5 11427.3 respectively. Cumulative released 0.01 M CaCl2 during 1496 h 167.7 244.9 kg−1 for...