The development of self‐regulation has been studied primarily in Western middle‐class contexts and has, therefore, neglected what is known about culturally varying self‐concepts socialization strategies. research reported here compared the self‐regulatory competencies German ( N = 125) rural Cameroonian Nso preschoolers 76) using Marshmallow test (Mischel, 2014). Study 1 revealed that 4‐year‐old children showed better delay‐of‐gratification performance than their peers. 2 culture‐specific...

Major life events can trigger personality trait change. However, a clear, replicable pattern of event-related change has yet to be identified. We examined whether the perception major is associated with Therefore, we assessed young adults’ traits at five measurement occasions within 1 year. At second occasion, also their recently experienced event using Event Characteristics Questionnaire. Contrary our expectations, perceived impact was not amount change, but valence changes in agreeableness...

We examined developmental trajectories of ethnic and national identity during early adolescence linked subgroups change to minority children’s school adjustment. Our longitudinal data on Turkish immigrant-origin children in Germany ( N = 146; M T 1 10.42 years, 46.6% male) covered three waves annual measurement. A person-oriented approach using growth mixture modeling revealed two different classes (subgroups) change: Class comprised with a high stable identity, 2 medium increasing identity....

Visual preferences for pairs of African and Caucasian faces were repeatedly assessed in 3-, 6- 9-month-old infants with a preferential looking paradigm. Two different patterns preference development found: First, the spontaneous own-race at three months reported literature tilts to other-race nine passing through null-preference six months. This replicates pattern recently Asian [Liu et al. (2015). Development visual own- versus infancy. Developmental Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0038835]....

Research examining the associations between major life events and personality trait development is mixed. Work that evaluates perceptions of how those are themselves associated with traits may help clarify existing literature. We used a large student sample ( N = 1,509) demographically diverse from Qualtrics panel 552) to conduct exploratory analyses big five events. Results suggested (a) beliefs about event-related change differ students more representative samples, (b) event often nuanced,...

Research on major life events and personality change often focuses the occurrence of specific such as childbirth, unemployment, or divorce. However, this typical approach has three important limitations: (1) Life are typically measured categorically, (2) it is assumed that people experience from same event in way, (3) external ratings have unknown levels validity. To address these limitations, we examined how common perceived, much perceptions vary within events, well correspond to...

We investigated the development of other‐race effect “ ORE ” in a longitudinal sample 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month‐old C aucasian infants. Previous research using cross‐sectional samples has shown an unstable at 3 months, increase 6 months full 9 months. In Experiment 1, we tested whether 9‐month‐olds showed with A frican faces. As expected, discriminated faces within their own ethnicity ( aucasian) but not unfamiliar frican). 2, longitudinally infants 3, 6, by presenting either or used 1. contrast...

The occurrence of major life events is associated with changes in well-being and personality. To better understand these effects, it important to consider how individuals perceive events. Although theories such as appraisal theory affective adaptation suggest that event perceptions change over time are relevant for personality well-being, stability perceived characteristics have not been systematically examined. This article aims fill this gap using data from a longitudinal study (N = 619 at...

Post-traumatic growth can be understood as positive change in desirable personality traits after adverse life events. However, recent research questioned whether adversity is a relevant, necessary, and sufficient condition for traits. Using five-wave longitudinal data, this study explored changes the prosociality empathy before We included all events participants had experienced between second third assessment, that is, adverse, ambiguous, Participants rated their on Event Characteristics...

Based on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III, this study provides results a longitudinal development Cameroonian Nso farmer and German middle-class infants. Complete data were available for 253 infants (69 from Cameroon 184 Germany) with assessments at 3, 6 9 months. The show large differences between regard to gross motor language development. developmental sequence within each scale is more in line original than as indicated by Goodman scalogram analyses. Path analyses some basic...

Objective and Background: Cultures differ in their emphases on specific developmental milestones which may be associated with early differences. This study compares the states of three‐ six‐month‐old Cameroonian Nso farmer German middle‐class infants assessed Bayley Scales Infant Development. Methods: The were used 345 three‐month‐old Cameroon (n = 73) Germany 272). Most reassessed at six months age 72 n 222 infants). Results: showed significant differences gross motor development favour...

This study aims to analyze culture-specific development of maternal interactional behavior longitudinally. Rural Cameroonian Nso mothers (n = 72) and German middle-class 106) were observed in free-play interactions with their 3- 6-month-old infants. Results reveal the expected shift from a social nonsocial focus only mothers' play but not rural play. continue proximal style on body contact stimulation, whereas prefer distal interaction increasing object-centeredness. These cultural...

This study analyzes the relation of socio-economic status and psychological well-being in a sample 327 Turkish immigrant mothers Germany. We assessed maternal with CES-D-10, Satisfaction Life Scale, selected items Hassles Scale referring to daily hassles. Mothers' SES was by means household income education. The has predominantly low very income. A cluster analysis on education identified three SES-groups: low-income cluster, low-education third who were slightly more advantaged terms When...

This study addresses the question how setting of assessment influences maternal playing behavior with their 3-month-old infants across cultures. Mother–infant interactions 338 dyads from two cultural communities (German middle-class and rural Cameroonian Nso) were videotaped either in home or a laboratory setting. Results indicate that both settings are appropriate to observe differences interactional behavior. As expected, Nso mothers show more proximal than German mothers, who focus on...

Recognizing individual faces is an important human ability that highly depends on experience. This reflected in the so called other-race effect; adults are better at recognizing from their own ethnic group, while very young infants do not show this specialization yet. Two experiments examined whether 3-year-old children two different cultural backgrounds effect. In Experiment 1, German (N = 41) were presented with a forced choice paradigm where they asked to recognize female Caucasian or...

The present multimethod longitudinal study aimed at investigating development and stability of implicit memory during infancy early childhood. A total 134 children were followed longitudinally from 3 months to years life assessing different age-appropriate measures memory. Results structural equation modeling give further evidence that is stable 9 on, with earlier performance predicting later performance. Second, it was found no age-related improvements are on. discussed respect the basic...

Based on longitudinal data, this study compared the gross and fine motor development of Cameroonian Nso children German middle-class with assessments at 3, 6, 9, 40 months. A total 345 infants from Cameroon ( n = 73) Germany 272) were recruited for study. Complete based Bayley Scales Infant Development III available subsamples originally children. As results show, predictability 40-months previous 9 months was low. The early differences between decreased across age. Although had disappeared...

Major life events (MLEs) are studied in many different areas psychology such as personality development, clinical psychology, or posttraumatic growth. In all of these areas, a common finding is that MLEs differ their effects on psychological outcomes. However, framework allows systematic examination differences still absent. This paper presents literature review and 4 empirical studies (Ns between 226 449, total N = 1,477) which we developed evaluated dimensional taxonomy nine perceived...

The present study focused on the assessment of imitation performance in a large sample 6- and 9-month-old infants from two different cultural contexts: German middle-class urban areas Nso rural area northwestern Cameroon were tested by using age-adapted deferred tasks that varied regarding their familiarity (two types instruments each being highly familiar for one contexts). Within both groups without influenced instruments, performed more target actions test compared with baseline phase,...

Three‐month‐old Cameroonian Nso farmer and German middle‐class infants were compared regarding learning retention in a computerized mobile task. Infants achieving preset criterion during reinforcement tested for immediate long‐term measured terms of an increased response rate after 24‐h delay with baseline. It was hypothesized that from both cultural communities would acquire the contingency between own motion movement, as they similarly experience contingent responses social interactions....

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether temperament and cognitive abilities are related recognition performance Caucasian African faces a nonfacial stimulus class, Greebles. Seventy infants were tested at 3 months with habituation/dishabituation paradigm their measured. Analyses revealed that only easy recognized familiar Greebles from habituation phase. A similar pattern found for showing higher Irrespectively abilities, all faces. Thus, data suggest unfamiliar Greebles, but...

This longitudinal study assessed 133 Caucasian German infants at 3 and 6 months of age to investigate the influence own‐race other‐race faces as visual stimuli on association learning in expectation paradigm (VExP). The is related findings other‐race‐effect (ORE) which said emerge age. were used a familiar ethnic category, whereas African an unfamiliar category. There was no significant difference between two stimulus classes infants' reaction time (RT) shifts months. At age, RT decreased...