The etiology of pica, the purposive consumption non-food substances, is not understood, despite its ubiquity among gravidae. We examined correlates pica in a representative obstetric population (n = 2,368) on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania to examine proposed etiologies. Cross-sectional data were collected socioeconomic characteristics, food intake, geophagy (earth consumption), amylophagy (raw starch anthropometry, iron status, parasitic burden, and gastrointestinal morbidities....

Abstract The Baby‐Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) is an extension of the 10th step Ten Steps Successful Breastfeeding and Hospital (BFHI) provides continued breastfeeding support to communities upon facility discharge after birth. BFCI creates a comprehensive system at community level through establishment mother‐to‐mother groups improve breastfeeding. Government Kenya has prioritized community‐based programming in country, including development first national guidelines, which inform...

ABSTRACT This program assessment explored the use of indigenous preserved animal‐source foods to improve complementary feeding practices, identify roles mothers, fathers, and elder women in supporting infant young child (IYCF) practices develop recommendations for implementation. The Trials Improved Practices (TIPs) approach, food frequency, in‐depth interviews, focus group discussions methodologies were used collect information on during a assessment. Data was collected Round 1‐dry season...

Abstract Optimal complementary feeding practices, a critical component of infant and young child feeding, has been demonstrated to prevent micronutrient deficiencies, stunting, overweight, obesity. In Kenya, while impressive gains have made in exclusive breastfeeding, progress slow, the country failed meet targets. Recent 2014 Kenya Demographic Health Survey reveal that only 22% Kenyan children, 6–23 months, met criteria for minimum acceptable diet. This case study describes key actions put...

ABSTRACT Polymorphisms in PapA, the major structural subunit and antigenic determinant of P fimbriae extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli , are considerable epidemiological, phylogenetic, immunotherapeutic importance. However, to date, no method other than DNA sequencing has been generally available for their detection. In present study, we developed rigorously validated a novel PCR-based assay 11 recognized variants papA then used new assess prevalence, phylogenetic distribution,...

Abstract In E gypt, the double burden of malnutrition and rising overweight obesity in adults mirrors transition to westernized diets a growing reliance on energy‐dense, low‐nutrient foods. This study utilized trials improved practices ( TIPs ) methodology gain an understanding cultural beliefs perceptions related feeding infants young children 0–23 months age used this information work tandem with 150 mothers implement feasible solutions problems L ower U pper gypt. The triangulated...

A 2006 avian influenza (AI) outbreak resulted in mass removal of chickens Lower Egypt, which decreased the household supply poultry. Poultry, a key animal-source food, contains nutrients critical for child growth. This paper examines determinants stunting between and 2008 children 6 to 59 months age within context AI outbreak.The 2005 nationally representative Egypt Demographic Health Surveys (EDHS) were used analyse anthropometric data from 7,794 6,091 2008. Children, 6-59 age, with length...

While the Government of Mozambique has galvanized action around exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as a national priority, only 43% Mozambican children under six months age are exclusively breastfed. In absence skilled lactation support, challenges mothers experience with may inhibit initiation, exclusivity and duration. There is insufficient evidence on how to strengthen health providers' competencies address in low- middle-income countries. The objectives this study were 1) assess EBF...

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O15:K52:H1 is a significant extraintestinal pathogen in Europe (G. Prats et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:201-209, 2000). To search for evidence of this clonal group outside Europe, 75 non-European E. isolates serogroup O15 were compared with five members the from Barcelona, Spain, according to genomic background, virulence genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Amplification phylotyping showed that 16 (21%) corresponded group. The represented diverse...

Summary An atypical outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) occurred in Ngorban County, South Kordophan, Sudan, from May to August 2002. We investigated the epidemic and conducted a case–control study village Limon. Blood samples were obtained for cases controls. Patients with obvious sequelae underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling as well. used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) neutralization tests laboratory diagnosis identified 31 encephalitis, four whom died. Median age was 36...

Few community-based data exist on the frequency of cord infection signs in low resource settings, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. We developed simple sign-based definitions omphalitis and estimated incidence risk factors for over a range severity among neonates Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania.Infants' umbilical stump was assessed days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 after birth presence pus, redness, swelling, foul odor. Infection proportion affected infants 6 separate combinations these signs. Two were...

In Egypt, rising maternal overweight and obesity is consistent with the transition to westernized diets a growing reliance on energy-dense, low nutrient foods. Although first 1,000 days of life are focus many programmes designed prevent forms malnutrition, little attention has been paid dietary practices weight gain during pregnancy. This study used in-depth interviews pregnant women (N = 40), lactating nonlactating 40) an understanding behaviours, perceptions, cultural beliefs in relation...

Abstract In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 43% children under 5 years age suffer from stunting, and majority (60%) children, 6–59 months age, are anaemic. Malaria, acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases common among less than with 31% affected by malaria. This qualitative implementation science study aimed to identify gaps opportunities available strengthen service delivery nutrition within integrated community case management (iCCM) at health facility level in Tshopo Province,...

Abstract Optimal nutrition is critical to the attainment of healthy growth, human capital and sustainable development. In E gypt, infants young children face overlapping forms malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, stunting overweight. Yet, in this setting, little known about factors associated with growth during first year life. A rise Lower gypt from 2005 2008 prompted implementation research study, which followed a longitudinal cohort birth 1 age within context USAID ‐funded...

Abstract In Mozambique, about two thirds of children 6–59 months age are affected by vitamin A deficiency and anaemia. The objective this case study is to provide programme considerations for planning, implementing, monitoring, evaluating iron interventions within the context lessons learned date supplementation, micronutrient powders (MNPs), food‐based strategies. For 15 years, Mozambique Ministry Health implemented twice‐yearly supplementation through both campaigns routine health...

Abstract The Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has shown to strengthen health providers' skills in the provision of breastfeeding counselling and support, which have led improvements outcomes. In Malawi, where BFHI was introduced 1993 but later languished due losses funding, Maternal Child Survival Program supported Malawi Ministry Health (MOH) revitalization scale‐up 54 facilities across all 28 districts country. This paper describes process within context an integrated project;...

Abstract This implementation research study sought to examine the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on maternal and infant nutrition practices, related aspects health food systems in Nairobi Uasin Gishu Counties, Kenya. The triangulated in‐depth interviews with 16 pregnant women, 31 lactating women (including positive), 10 facility workers, community volunteers, 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) vendors, 4 FGDs 15 stakeholder government implementing partners. Trends from Kenyan Health Information...

Abstract In Lake Zone, Tanzania, low contraceptive prevalence, closely spaced births, and child stunting are common. Synergies exist between postpartum family planning (PPFP) maternal, infant, young nutrition (MIYCN), yet health services often provided in silos. This qualitative formative research study aimed to identify barriers facilitating factors for optimal PPFP practices Mara Kagera, Tanzania. Results informed the program design of an integrated (FP) implementation approach. The...