The western equatorial Pacific warm pool is subject to strong east-west migrations on interannual time scales in phase with the Southern Oscillation Index. dominance of surface zonal advection this migration demonstrated four different current data sets and three ocean models. eastward less saline water from together westward cold more central-eastern induces a convergence masses at eastern edge well-defined salinity front. location zonally displaced association El Nino-La Nina wind-driven...

The December 26, 2004 tsunami was perhaps the most devastating in recorded history, causing over 200,000 fatalities and widespread destruction countries bordering Indian Ocean. It generated by third largest earthquake on record (Mw=9.1–9.3) a truly global event, with significant wave action felt around world. Many measurements of this event were made seismometers, tide gauges, positioning system stations, few satellite overpasses. There numerous eyewitness observations video digital...

The devastating 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami stressed the need for assessing hazard in vulnerable coastal areas. Numerical modeling is but one important tool understanding past events and simulating future ones. Here we present a robust simulation of event, which explains large runups destruction observed Thailand identifies areas to tsunamis, or safer reconstruction. To do so, use an accurate source, was iteratively calibrated earlier work explain large‐scale features, apply it...

The eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool corresponds to separation between warm, rainfall‐induced low‐salinity waters and cold, high‐salinity upwelled cold tongue in central‐eastern equatorial Pacific. Although not well defined sea surface temperature (SST), this is characterized by a sharp salinity front that trapped equator. Several studies, using numerous situ satellite data three classes ocean models, indicate result zonal convergence central water masses into pool. This occurs...

Early in the morning of 1887 February 23, a damaging earthquake hit towns along Italian and French Riviera. The was followed by tsunami with maximum run-up 2 m near Imperia, Italy. At least 600 people died, mainly due to collapsing buildings. This 'Ligurian earthquake' occurred at junction between southern French—Italian Alps Ligurian Basin. For such historical event, epicentre equivalent magnitude are difficult characterize any degree precision, tectonic fault responsible for is still under...

This paper investigates the variability of sea surface salinity (SSS) in western equatorial Pacific fresh pool. For this purpose, we processed data collected from thermosalinographs embarked on merchant ships. Two main cross‐equatorial shipping lines that are representative oceanic conditions tropical were selected: Japan‐Tarawa‐Fiji line crosses equator near 173°E (eastern track) and New‐Caledonia‐Japan 156°E (western track). We show there is a strong SSS region at monthly as well...

The Ligurian sea, at the France–Italy boarder of Mediterranean Sea, has experienced in past numerous submarine landslides within its very near continental slope, shelf being narrow. most recent occurred on 1979 October 16 Nice international airport and generated tsunami waves order 3 m amplitude some specific locations. More ancient are also easily identified through bathymetric surveys seafloor. For event we propose two distinct tsunamigenic based scars observable first one corresponds to...

Khao Lak, SW Thailand was severely affected by the tsunami on 26 December 2004. Here we present reconstructions of its coastal impact in this area. These are based (1) eyewitness reports alone and (2) supported videos photos damage it caused, field measurements, satellite imagery. On basis reports, estimated that sea began retreating at 1000 local time (LT) and, also photos, arrived 1026–1029 LT. tsunami, an offshore wave direction 083 ± 3° paths which eyewitnesses were carried, onshore 088...

On 26 November 1999, at 1321 UT, central Vanuatu was struck by a large offshore earthquake ( M w 7.5) followed tsunami that killed five people and caused significant damage to nearshore structures, mainly Martelli Bay, south Pentecost Island. The is simulated using the Geowave model. Tsunami Open Progressive Initial Conditions System (TOPICS) source component of model simulates initial water column deformation, propagation runup are with FUNWAVE fully nonlinear Boussinesq dispersive A...

Abstract. The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami damaged severely most of the Gulf Bengal's coastal areas, but coast Bangladesh which stands at edge an extraordinarily extended continental shelf. This latter feature has been built through huge discharges river sediments along Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers. As a result this enormous discharge, another interesting area is deep underwater Canyon, connected with estuaries, running NE-SW from 25 km off towards slope. We investigate here how...

The work is concerned with the problem of linear instability symmetric short-crested water waves, simplest three-dimensional wave pattern. Two complementary basic approaches were used. first, previously developed by Ioualalen & Kharif (1993, 1994), based on application Galerkin method to set Euler equations linearized around essentially nonlinear states calculated using Stokes-like series for waves great precision. An alternative analytical approach starts so-called Zakharov equation,...

A numerical procedure has been developed to study the linear stability of nonlinear three-dimensional progressive gravity waves on deep water. The patterns considered herein are short-crested which may be produced by two plane propagating at an oblique angle, γ, each other. It is shown that for moderate wave steepness dominant resonances sideband-type instabilities in direction propagation and, depending value also transverse direction. less unstable than two-dimensional waves.

Abstract Three-dimensional short-crested water waves are known to host harmonic resonances (HRs). Their existence depends on their sporadicity versus persistency. Previous studies, using a unique yet hybrid solution, suggested that HRs exhibit sporadic instability, with the domain of instability exhibiting bubble-like structure which experiences loss stability followed by re-stabilization. Through calculation complete multiple solution structures and normal forms, we discuss particular...

Short-crested waves are three-dimensional that may be generated through a reflection of two-dimensional Stokes wave on seawall. Thus, they more likely to observed near ports or any consequent marine structure. Two numerical methods used compute surface gravity short-crested deepwater. The first method is an asymptotic procedure and the second computes direct solution. One main properties four-wave resonance. Such resonance introduces nonuniqueness with several solution branches connected...